Altered Properties of Neurons and Astrocytes and the Effects of Food Components in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Yamagata, Kazuo; Yamori, Yukio

doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000001025

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 97 publications

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“…Consuming 120-599 ml of green tea daily reduces the risk of hypertension development by 46% (Yang et al, 2004). Catechin-rich oil palm exhibited vasodilatory effects that were mediated via endothelium-dependent mechanisms (Yamagata & Yamori, 2021). It is likely that the antioxidant effect of catechin mediated its antihypertensive effect (Vechi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Catechinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach

Harahap,

Syahputra,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

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Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a complex disease influenced by various risk factors. It is characterized by persistent elevation of BP levels, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play crucial roles in hypertension development. L‐NG‐nitro arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), an analog of L‐arginine, inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzymes, leading to decreased NO production and increased BP. Animal models exposed to L‐NAME manifest hypertension, making it a useful design for studying the hypertension condition. Natural products have gained interest as alternative approaches for managing hypertension. Flavonoids, abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources, have potential cardiovascular benefits, including antihypertensive effects. Flavonoids have been extensively studied in cell cultures, animal models, and, to lesser extent, in human trials to evaluate their effectiveness against L‐NAME‐induced hypertension. This comprehensive review summarizes the antihypertensive activity of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, troxerutin, apigenin, and chrysin, in L‐NAME‐induced hypertension models. Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties that mitigate oxidative stress, a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. They enhance endothelial function by promoting NO bioavailability, vasodilation, and the preservation of vascular homeostasis. Flavonoids also modulate vasoactive factors involved in BP regulation, such as angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin‐1. Moreover, they exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammation‐mediated hypertension. This review provides compelling evidence for the antihypertensive potential of flavonoids against L‐NAME‐induced hypertension. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action suggest their ability to target multiple pathways involved in hypertension development. Nonetheless, the reviewed studies contribute to the evidence supporting the useful of flavonoids for hypertension prevention and treatment. In conclusion, flavonoids represent a promising class of natural compounds for combating hypertension. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource summarizing the current knowledge on the antihypertensive effects of specific flavonoids, facilitating further investigation and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension management.

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Section: Catechinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach

Harahap,

Syahputra,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Persistence of post-stress blood pressure elevation requires activation of astrocytes

Hasebe,

Yokota,

Fukushi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The reflexive excitation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to psychological stress leads to elevated blood pressure, a condition that persists even after the stress has been alleviated. This sustained increase in blood pressure, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension, could be linked to neural plasticity in sympathetic nervous activity. Given the critical role of astrocytes in various forms of neural plasticity, we investigated their involvement in maintaining elevated blood pressure during the post-stress phase. Specifically, we examined the effects of arundic acid, an astrocytic inhibitor, on blood pressure and heart rate responses to air-jet stress. First, we confirmed that the inhibitory effect of arundic acid is specific to astrocytes. Using c-Fos immunohistology, we then observed that psychological stress activates neurons in cardiovascular brain regions, and that this stress-induced neuronal activation was suppressed by arundic acid pre-treatment in rats. By evaluating astrocytic process thickness, we also confirmed that astrocytes in the cardiovascular brain regions were activated by stress, and this activation was blocked by arundic acid pre-treatment. Next, we conducted blood pressure measurements on unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. Air-jet stress elevated blood pressure, which remained high for a significant period during the post-stress phase. However, pre-treatment with arundic acid, which inhibited astrocytic activation, suppressed stress-induced blood pressure elevation both during and after stress. In contrast, arundic acid had no significant impact on heart rate. These findings suggest that both neurons and astrocytes play integral roles in stress-induced blood pressure elevation and its persistence after stress, offering new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertension.

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Altered Properties of Neurons and Astrocytes and the Effects of Food Components in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Cited by 2 publications

References 97 publications

Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach

Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach

Persistence of post-stress blood pressure elevation requires activation of astrocytes

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