Altered proportions of circulating CXCR5+ helper T cells do not dampen influenza vaccine responses in children with rheumatic disease

Laestadius, Åsa; Ingelman-Sundberg, Hanna M.; Myrberg, Ida Hed; Verme, Anna; Sundberg, Erik; Schweiger, Brunhilde; Saghafian–Hedengren, Shanie; Nilsson, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.037

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Most studies assess immunogenicity, mainly defined as a protective level of antibodies measured by the haemagglutination inhibition assay. Most of the studies demonstrated similar high rates of immunogenicity among pedAIIRD patients and healthy controls after the seasonal influenza vaccine ( 41 , 42 , 45 – 49 ) and the H1N1 vaccine ( 37 , 40 ). Two studies in a similar cohort of 118 jSLE patients showed reduced seroprotection and seroconversion rates in jSLE patients compared to controls, especially in patients on high dose glucocorticosteroids (>20 mg/day) ( 38 , 40 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaccination in Pediatric Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (pedAIIRD): A Systematic Literature Review for the 2021 Update of the EULAR/PRES Recommendations

et al. 2022

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BackgroundIn 2011, the first European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) vaccination recommendations for pediatric patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (pedAIIRD) were published. The past decade numerous new studies were performed to assess the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccinations in pedAIIRD. A systematic literature review (SLR) was therefore performed to serve as the basis for the updated 2021 EULAR/PRES recommendations.MethodsAn SLR was performed according to the standard operating procedures for EULAR-endorsed recommendations. Primary outcomes were efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of vaccination in pedAIIRD. The search was performed in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library and included studies published from November 2010 until July 2020.ResultsThe SLR yielded 57 studies which were included for critical appraisal and data extraction. Only 8 studies described the occurrence of vaccine-preventable infections after vaccination (efficacy), none of these studies were powered to assess efficacy. The majority of studies assessed (humoral) immune responses as surrogate endpoint for vaccine efficacy. Studies on non-live vaccines showed that these were safe and in general immunogenic. Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in general did not significantly reduce seroprotection rates, except for B-cell depleting therapies which severely hampered humoral responses. Four new studies on human papilloma virus vaccination showed that this vaccine was safe and immunogenic in pedAIIRD. Regarding live-attenuated vaccinations, level 1 evidence of the measles mumps rubella (MMR) booster vaccination became available which showed the safety of this booster for patients treated with methotrexate. In addition, level 3 evidence became available that suggested that the MMR and varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccination for patients on low dose glucocorticosteroids and bDMARDs might be safe as well.ConclusionsThe past decade, knowledge on the safety and immunogenicity of (live-attenuated) vaccines in pedAIIRD significantly increased. Data on efficacy (infection prevention) remains scarce. The results from this SLR are the basis for the updated EULAR/PRES vaccination recommendations in pedAIIRD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaccination in Pediatric Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (pedAIIRD): A Systematic Literature Review for the 2021 Update of the EULAR/PRES Recommendations

et al. 2022

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“…Analyzing lymphoid tissue usually is hampered by a lack of tissue availability or thought to interfere with the ongoing immune response. Blood CXCL13, in contrast, is easily available and has been intensely investigated in HIV infection and in response to HIV and influenza vaccination for monitoring vaccination success [ 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Importantly, whereas antigen-specific antibody production may not be detectable up to six months after primary immunization, CXCL13 elevations usually can be detected after each immunization and provide earlier insights into the immune response and immunization scheme [ 77 ].…”

Section: The Cxcl13/cxcr5 Immune Axis In the Peripheral Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CXCL13/CXCR5 Immune Axis in Health and Disease—Implications for Intrathecal B Cell Activities in Neuroinflammation

Harrer

Otto

Radlberger

et al. 2022

Cells

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The chemokine C-X-C- ligand 13 (CXCL13) is a major B cell chemoattractant to B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) that proposedly recruits B cells to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during neuroinflammation. CXCR5, the cognate receptor of CXCL13, is expressed on B cells and certain T cell subsets, in particular T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells), enabling them to follow CXCL13 gradients towards B cell follicles for spatial proximity, a prerequisite for productive T cell–B cell interaction. Tfh cells are essential contributors to B cell proliferation, differentiation, and high-affinity antibody synthesis and are required for germinal center formation and maintenance. Circulating Tfh cells (cTfh) have been observed in the peripheral blood and CSF. Furthermore, CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune activities organize and shape adaptive B cell-related immune responses outside of SLO via the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures in inflamed tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the CXCL13/CXCR5 immune axis and its role in vaccination, autoimmunity, and infection with a special focus on its relevance for intrathecal B cell activities in inflammatory CNS diseases.

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“…The HIV-1 vaccine tested was vectored by a live adenovirus, which may have limited the immune response in vaccinees having pre-vaccination antibodies from antecedent natural adenovirus infection. Studies on inactivated influenza vaccination showed that elevated plasma levels of CXCL13 were also detected at different time points in children; however, there was no correlation with GC activity (15,16). The immune response to Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) was poor compared to the response to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of CXCL13 in Antibody Responses to HIV-1 Infection and Vaccination

et al. 2021

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CXCL13 signals through the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR5 to drive development of secondary lymphoid tissue as well as B cell and Tfh cell trafficking to germinal centers (GC), which leads to the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells. CXCL13 has been proposed as a general plasma biomarker for GC activities. In HIV-1 infected individuals, plasma CXCL13 levels have been associated with the rate of disease progression to AIDS. Moreover, CXCL13 production has been reported to be increased in HIV-1-infected lymph nodes, which may drive increased downregulation of CXCR5. In this review, we address the role of CXCL13 in HIV-1 infected individuals with regard to GC formation, generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies after infection and vaccination, and AIDS-related B cell lymphoma.

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Altered proportions of circulating CXCR5+ helper T cells do not dampen influenza vaccine responses in children with rheumatic disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaccination in Pediatric Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (pedAIIRD): A Systematic Literature Review for the 2021 Update of the EULAR/PRES Recommendations

Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaccination in Pediatric Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (pedAIIRD): A Systematic Literature Review for the 2021 Update of the EULAR/PRES Recommendations

The CXCL13/CXCR5 Immune Axis in Health and Disease—Implications for Intrathecal B Cell Activities in Neuroinflammation

The Role of CXCL13 in Antibody Responses to HIV-1 Infection and Vaccination

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