Altered serum levels of interleukin-3 in first-episode drug-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenia

Fu, Yin Yang; Zhang, Tong; Xiu, Mei Hong; Tang, Wei; Han, Mei; Yun, Long; Chen, Da Chun; Chen, Song; Tan, Shu Ping; Soares, Jair C.; Tang, Wen Jie; Zhang, Xiang Yang

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.010

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This finding was inconsistent with the previous studies (Song et al, 2009 ; Müller et al, 2015 ). Interestingly, our results are in accordance with a recent study finding significantly higher IL-3 levels in CP but significantly fewer IL-3 levels in FEDN patients (Fu et al, 2016 ). They speculated that the reduced IL-3 levels in FEDN patients might be associated with neuronal apoptosis and abnormal early development of the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, we also found that both TNF-α and IL-1β showed moderately positive associations with the PANSS negative subscore in the CP. A recent study found a significant correlation between IL-3 levels and the PANSS G subscore only in CP(Fu et al, 2016 ). Another study also found that a significant decrease in IL-10 levels was reported in the FEDN patients and serum IL-10 was inversely correlated with the PANSS cognitive factor subscores, as well as with the PANSS negative symptom (Xiu et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Altered Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1β in First-Episode Drug-Naive and Chronic Schizophrenia

et al. 2018

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Objective: Abnormality of the immune system might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We want to identity whether the serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were changed in FEDN patients and CP and to investigate the relationship between both cytokines and psychopathological symptoms.Methods: We recruited 69 FEDN patients, 87 CP and 61 healthy controls. Schizophrenia symptomatology was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were examined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: TNF-α and IL-1β levels in CP were significantly higher compared to healthy controls, but TNF-α and IL-1β levels in FEDN patients were significantly lower than in both CP and healthy controls. A moderate correlation between serum TNF-α or IL-1β levels and PANSS negative subscore was found in CP. But there was no correlation between altered cytokines and clinical symptoms in FEDN patients.Conclusions: Increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels in chronic patients may be associated with the progression, psychotropic drugs or other factors occur during chronic stage. Immune modulating treatments may become a new strategy of therapy for this subgroup of patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Altered Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1β in First-Episode Drug-Naive and Chronic Schizophrenia

et al. 2018

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“…Fu et al (2016) found significant increased levels of IL-3 and additionally a significant association between IL-3 levels and the PANSS score in chronic schizophrenia patients, which contrasts with their findings in FEP patients[98]. These authors suggested that lowered IL-3 in FEP patients may indicate that signs of immunosuppression are associated with developing schizophrenia and that IL-3 may increase as the disease progresses perhaps related to medication treatment or other factors that occur during chronic illness.Xiu et al (2012) reported that serum levels of IL-18, another proinflammatory cytokine, are significantly higher in patients with chronic schizophrenia than in FEP patients and healthy controls and they also reported a positive correlation between IL-18 and the PANSS general psychopathology subscore[126].Interestingly, Boll et al (2017) performed regression analysis with different biomarkers…”

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confidence: 87%

The Role of Aberrations in the Immune-inflammatory Reflex System (IRS) and the Compensatory Immune-regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) in Different Phenotypes of Schizophrenia: The IRS-CIRS Theory of Schizophrenia

Roomruangwong¹,

Noto²,

Kanchanatawan³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In this paper we propose a novel theoretical framework, which was previously developed for major depression and bipolar disorder, namely the compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (CIRS), as applied to the neuro-immune pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its phenotypes, including first episode psychosis (FEP), acute relapses, chronic and treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), comorbid depression, and deficit schizophrenia. These schizophrenia phenotypes and manifestations are accompanied by increased production of positive acute phase proteins, including haptoglobin and α2-macroglobulin, complement factors, and macrophagic M1 (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), T helper (Th)-1 (interferon-γ and IL-2R), Th-2 (IL-4, IL-5), Th-17 (IL-17) and T regulatory (Treg; IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1) cytokines, cytokine-induced activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway as well as chemokines, including CCL-11 (eotaxin), CCL-2, CCL-3 and CXCL-8. While the immune profiles in the different schizophrenia phenotypes indicate activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS), there are simultaneous signs of CIRS activation, including increased levels of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA), sIL-2R and tumor necrosis factor-a receptors, Th-2 and Treg phenotypes with increased IL-4 and IL-10 production, and increased levels of TRYCATs and haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin and other acute phase reactants, which have immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Signs of activated IRS and CIRS pathways are also detected in TRS, chronic and deficit schizophrenia indicating that these conditions are accompanied by a new homeostatic setpoint between upregulated IRS and CIRS components. In FEP, increased baseline CIRS activity is a protective factor which may predict favorable clinical outcomes. Moreover, impairments in the CIRS are associated with deficit schizophrenia and greater impairments in semantic and episodic memory. It is concluded that CIRS plays a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia by negatively regulating the primary IRS and contributing to recovery from the acute phase of illness. Components of the CIRS may offer promising therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.

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“…However, its genuine biological mechanism is still unknown. Over the past decades, abnormal immune-inflammatory responses, especially aberrant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, have been found in patients with schizophrenia [4,5] and their relatives [6]. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has shown that immune-related genes confer susceptibility to schizophrenia [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-17 Alteration in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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Schizophrenia is accompanied with central nervous system and peripheral immune system imbalances. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is implicated in various immune and inflammatory processes. Aberrant levels of IL-17 have been reported in patients with schizophrenia, whereas the results are not consistent. To clarify the relationship between IL-17 and schizophrenia, we performed a meta-analysis in this study. We carried out a structured literature search in PubMed and Embase database up to April 16, 2017, and retrieved all eligible case-control studies according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, a total of 313 patients with drug-naïve first-episode psychosis and 238 healthy control subjects from 5 studies were included in our meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls with respect to the levels of IL-17 (p = 0.21), even when we removed 2 studies which were not European samples (p = 0.12). Our findings suggested that IL-17 may not be involved in the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia.

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Altered serum levels of interleukin-3 in first-episode drug-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Altered Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1β in First-Episode Drug-Naive and Chronic Schizophrenia

Altered Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1β in First-Episode Drug-Naive and Chronic Schizophrenia

The Role of Aberrations in the Immune-inflammatory Reflex System (IRS) and the Compensatory Immune-regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) in Different Phenotypes of Schizophrenia: The IRS-CIRS Theory of Schizophrenia

Interleukin-17 Alteration in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis

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