Altered sulcogyral patterns of orbitofrontal cortex in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Abnormalities in prenatal brain development contribute to schizophrenia vulnerability. Orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns are largely determined during prenatal development, and four types of orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns have been classified in humans. Altered orbitofrontal cortex patterns have been reported in individuals with schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging; however, sample sizes of previous studies were small–medium effects for detection, and gender manifestation for orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns is unclear. The present study investigated orbitofrontal cortex patterns of 155 patients with schizophrenia and 375 healthy subjects. The orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral pattern distributions of schizophrenia were significantly different compared with healthy subjects in the left hemisphere (χ 2 = 14.55, p = 0.002). In female schizophrenia, post-hoc analyses revealed significantly decreased Type I expression (χ 2 = 6.76, p = 0.009) and increased Type II expression (χ 2 = 11.56, p = 0.001) in the left hemisphere. The present study suggested that female schizophrenia showed altered orbitofrontal cortex patterns in the left hemisphere, which may be related to neurodevelopmental abnormality.

Role of orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern on lifetime cannabis use and depressive symptoms

“…The OFC classification method used in this study is both valid and reliable, and (2) = 4.32, p = .12) (Bartholomeusz et al, 2013;Chakirova et al, 2010;Chiavaras and Petrides, 2000;Cropley et al, 2015;Ganella et al, 2015;Isomura et al, 2017;Lavoie et al, 2014;Nakamura et al, 2007;Nishikawa et al, 2015;Takahashi et al, 2014Takahashi et al, , 2015Takayanagi et al, 2010;Uehara-Aoyama et al, 2011;Watanabe et al, 2014;Whittle et al, 2014). We also did not find any gender-related differences in OFC pattern distribution, consistent with most previous studies (Uehara-Aoyama et al, 2011;Whittle et al, 2014).…”

“…greater positive symptoms and lower socioeconomic status (Nakamura et al, 2007;Uehara-Aoyama et al, 2011)). Patients with schizophrenia also show an altered proportion of sulcogyral pattern relative to controls (decreased proportion of Type I, and increased proportion of Type II and III) (Bartholomeusz et al, 2013;Chakirova et al, 2010;Cropley et al, 2015;Isomura et al, 2017;Nakamura et al, 2008Nakamura et al, , 2007Nishikawa et al, 2015;Takahashi et al, 2015;Uehara-Aoyama et al, 2011). Overall, in both healthy and schizophrenia patient populations, Type III pattern is linked to personality traits reflecting poor regulatory control.…”

Diagnosing schizophrenia with network analysis and a machine learning method

“…According to a previous study, the sulcogyral pattern of orbitofrontal cortex is altered in schizophrenia patients (Isomura et al, 2017), and even the grey matter volume is decreased (Nakamura et al, 2008).…”

“…The lateral orbitofrontal cortex, one of the prefrontal cortex regions, is known to be involved in the decision‐making process (Domenech & Koechlin, ). According to a previous study, the sulcogyral pattern of orbitofrontal cortex is altered in schizophrenia patients (Isomura et al, ), and even the grey matter volume is decreased (Nakamura et al, ). Lastly, in terms of nodal betweenness centrality, the middle anterior corpus callosum, entorhinal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, lateral occipital cortex, and pars opercularis were revealed by our current data to be important regions in classifying schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.…”

Psychotic symptoms are associated with lower cortical folding in youth at risk for mental illness

“…Our finding was in line with previous work implicating abnormalities in the OFC cortical folding pattern in psychosis, 23,45 firstepisode schizophrenia 46 and chronic schizophrenia. 47 In our adolescent sample, this difference was unlikely to be attributable to common confounders in psychosis research, such as illness burden or the effects of medication. The localization to the OFC in our study was consistent with prospective studies in patients at clinical high risk and in animal models.…”