Altering the localization and toxicity of arsenic in rice grain

Abstract

Previous work has shown that inorganic As localizes in rice bran whereas DMA localizes in the endosperm, but less is known about co-localization of As and S species and how they are affected by growing conditions. We used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging to image As and S species in rice grain from plants grown to maturity in soil (field and pot) and hydroponically (DMA or arsenite dosed) at field-relevant As concentrations. In hydroponics, arsenite was localized in the ovular vascular trace (OVT) and the bran while DMA permeated the endosperm and was absent from the OVT in all grains analyzed, and As species had no affect on S species. In pot studies, soil amended with Si-rich rice husk with higher DMA shifted grain As into the endosperm for both japonica and indica ecotypes. In field-grown rice from low-As soil, As localized in the OVT as arsenite glutathione, arsenite, and DMA. Results support a circumferential model of grain filling for arsenite and DMA and show Si-rich soil amendments alter grain As localization, potentially lessening risk to rice consumers.

Bioinorganic Modulators of Ferroptosis: A Review of Recent Findings

“…The pro-ferroptotic effects reported upon zinc induction are strikingly similar to what has been reported in the case of arsenite. The trivalent inorganic form of arsenic is a highly toxic 1 group carcinogen [ 141 ]. Six-month-long exposure to arsenite in the concentration range of 0.5–5 mg/L drinking water mimicked the level of contamination in the natural environment and caused neuronal cell death and synaptic alterations throughout the hippocampus in mice.…”

Controlling Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grain under Nanomaterials-Assisted Optimal Greenhouse Set-Up

“…All experiments were conducted under netting area to avoid pest disturbing to the growth of the plant. The matured paddy growth was ready to harvest after 100 days, and irrigation was stopped before 10 days of harvest [22].…”

“…Before digesting, the samples were stored in a chiller and kept under −20 • C to avoid drying. The extractions of grains were carried out by the wet method as described (AOAC 1984) [22]. Approximately 1.3-1.5 g of the extracted sections was weighed and placed in a conical flask and then supplemented with 15 mL of 69% concentrated nitric acid.…”

The continuous on-line leaching method coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for risk assessment of food safety and for sourcing of elements: a tutorial review

“…Rice has been a particularly important sample in food safety assessments as many studies have shown it can accumulate and contain high levels of As. 13,31,32 Therefore, COLM-ICPMS was used to assess the As content in rice 13,17,18 and rice products. 11 To conrm the validity of COLM-ICPMS for use with rice samples, a rice our reference material was rst analysed by COLM-ICPMS.…”