Alternaria blight of oilseed Brassicas: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Oilseed brassicas also known as rapeseed-mustard is an important group of oilseed crop in the world. These crops are susceptible to a number of diseases caused by biotic and mesobiotic pathogens. Among various diseases, Alternaria leaf blight also known as Alternaria dark spot is the most destructive disease of oilseed brassicas species in all the continents. This disease is known to be incited by Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria raphani singly or by mixed infection. Alternaria leaf spot pathogens are necrotrophs and produces lesions surrounded by chlorotic areas on leaves, stems and siliquae causing reduction in the photosynthetic areas, defoliation, and early induction of senescence. Alternaria blight causes considerable reduction in quantity and quality of harvested brassica products. The Alternaria leaf blight pathogens are seedborne, soilborne and airborne. The pathogens are greatly influenced by weather with the highest disease incidence reported in wet seasons and in areas with relatively high rainfall. The concentration of conidia, age of the host plants, and wetness period on leaves also influence the severity of the disease. This paper reviews the research and development of Alternaria blight in the oilseed brassicas (rapeseed-mustard) during the past years in relation to pathogen taxonomy, biology, epidemiology, host pathogen interaction and management through chemicals, botanicals, biological, cultural, and biotechnological approaches. The paper also attempts to present future outlook and strategy for Alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard research.

Development of an Effective Method for Testing Resistance to Black Spot of Radish Caused by Alternaria brassicicola

“…그리고 유묘에 병원균을 접종하고 20, 25, 30°C에서 재배하였을 때 무 4품종의 평균 발병도는 각각 27, 82, 47%를 나타내 25°C에서 검은무늬병이 가장 효과적으로 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있었다 (Fig. 5) and Gabrielson, 1983;Kumar et al, 2014) 5. Effects of incubation temperature on the development of black spot on four radish cultivars.…”

The occurrence of Alternaria species on cabbage in Iran

“…Species composition associated with black spot disease in different studies is somewhat different. In most studies on the identification of Alternaria species from brassicaceous hosts, A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. japonica were reported (Rop et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 2014), although in more recent study, A. alternata was also reported as the causal agent of the disease (Aneja et al, 2014). In a study on Alternaria species infecting brassicaceae in the Brazilian neotropics, A. brassicicola was prevalent DF -degrees of freedom, F -the test statistic, P -the probability of a value of F greater than or equal to the observed value on Brassica oleracea complex, whereas A. brassicae was prevalent on Brassica rapa complex and weed species (Reis, Boiteux, 2010).…”

In Silico Identification of Mimicking Molecules as Defense Inducers Triggering Jasmonic Acid Mediated Immunity against Alternaria Blight Disease in Brassica Species

“…In India, 10–70% of yield losses were reported in different region across the country (Kolte et al, 1987; Ram and Chauhan, 1998). Many efforts have been made by scientists to develop disease resistant transgenic plants with limited success to develop complete de novo resistance against Alternaria blight due to lack of knowledge about the resistance gene homologs (Mondal et al, 2003; Taj et al, 2004; Marmath et al, 2011; Kumar et al, 2014). It has been realized that mere use of transgenic technology is no longer useful for development of resistance toward diseases like Alternaria blight (Kumar et al, 2015).…”