Alternaria toxin-induced resistance in rose plants against rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosivorum): effect of tenuazonic acid

Abstract

Abstract:Many different types of toxins are produced by the fungus, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Little is known, however, regarding the influence of these toxins on insects. In this study, we investigated the toxin-induced inhibitory effects of the toxin produced by A. alternata on the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosivorum, when the toxin was applied to leaves of the rose, Rosa chinensis. The results demonstrated that the purified crude toxin was non-harmful to rose plants and rose aphids, but had an intensive inhibitory effect on the multiplication of aphids. The inhibitory index against rose aphids reached 87.99% when rose plants were sprayed with the toxin solution at a low concentration. Further results from bioassays with aphids and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses demonstrated that tenuazonic acid (TeA) was one of the most important resistance-related active components in the crude toxin. The content of TeA was 0.1199% in the crude toxin under the HPLC method. Similar to the crude toxin, the inhibitory index of pure TeA reached 83.60% 15 d after the rose plants were sprayed with pure TeA solution at the lower concentration of 0.060 μg/ml, while the contents of residual TeA on the surface and in the inner portion of the rose plants were only 0.04 and 0.00 ng/g fresh weight of TeA-treated rose twigs, respectively, 7 d after the treatment. Our results show that TeA, an active component in the A. alternata toxin, can induce the indirect plant-mediated responses in rose plants to intensively enhance the plant's resistances against rose aphids, and the results are very helpful to understand the plant-mediated interaction between fungi and insects on their shared host plants.

Isolation and pathogenicity of endophytic fungi associated with some maize hybrids against certain Lepidoptera pests

“…were reported to be entomopathogens for many chewing and pierce sucking pests and their effect was attributed to their secondary metabolites i.e., α-glycosidase inhibitors and tenuazonic acid …etc. (Yang et al, 2015;Kaur et al, 2019). Furthermore, the efficiency of A. flavus MRDS 305 was higher than that of A. flavus MRDS 301 against 1 st instar larvae of S. cretica after 3 and 14 days of treatment.…”

“…Moreover, there has been strong evidence that, in some plant species, these endophytic entomopathogenic fungi (EEF) can be transferred vertically by seeds from the parents to the plants' off-springs due to their systemic colonization of the host without affecting the plant genome (Verma et al, 2008). Therefore, EEF presents a substantial alternative to the application of either fungal or chemical insecticides and genetically modified plants, since they could grant their host plants with systemic and long term protection against pests (Yang, 2015;Bamisile et al, 2018 a & b;Bubica Bustos et al, 2020). In Egypt, maize is an economically indispensable crop grown for domestic consumption (Al-Eryan et al, 2019).…”

The Chemical Ecology Approach to Reveal Fungal Metabolites for Arthropod Pest Management

“…Tenuazonic acid, a phytotoxic mycotoxin of some Alternaria species, showed larvicidal activity against the first-instar larvae of L. sericata (LD 50 120 µg/mL), but was not active against other tested insects and mites from different orders: D. melanogaster , Sitophilus granarius , Aphis fabae , and T. urticae [ 197 ]. At a concentration of 0.06 µg/mL, which is non-toxic both for China rose Rosa chinensis and the rose aphid Macrosiphum rosivorum , tenuazonic acid was able to significantly inhibit the reproduction of this insect, which is presumably associated with the induction of repellents release in leaves treated with this toxin [ 198 , 199 ]. At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, methyl-3,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-chloro-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate and chloromonilinic acid B isolated from A. sonchi caused 75% mortality of the aphid S. graminum [ 200 ].…”

Promising approaches to the search for fungal metabolites for management of arthropod pests

“…Тенуазоновая кислота в пониженных концентрациях, нетоксичных для чайной розы и розовой тли, способна достоверно ингибировать размножение этого насекомого, что, предположительно, связано с индукцией образования репеллентных в обработанных этим токсином листьях (Yang et al, 2015(Yang et al, , 2020. Индукция инсектицидных метаболитов в пораженных фитопатогеном растениях продемонстрирована и в системе «шашечница цинксия Melitaea cinxia -подорожник ланцетолистный Plantago lanceolata -мучнистая роса Podosphaera plantaginis» (Rosa et al, 2018).…”