Alternate Energy Sources for Sustainable Organic Synthesis

Abstract

Organic Chemistry plays an important role in energy, information, materials, population, health, environment and implementation of defence plan. Organic chemists therefore, have the greatest responsibility to devise methods of carrying out organic syntheses, which will reduce or even eliminate the byproducts and solve the problem of environmental pollution from the source. One of the methods to achieve this is using non-conventional energy sources, such as microwave, ultrasound, and photochemical chemistry, in conjugation with nontoxic solvents, which dramatically reduces energy waste and reaction time. Experiments synergising these alternate energy sources like microwave sonication, photosonication or microwave photochemistry, have gained high popularity as costeffective green strategies. Pooling the advantages of alternate energy sources with biocatalysis is another novel avenue of sustainable synthesis. Organic electrosynthesis has also emerged as an environmentally benign technique for the construction of C-C and C-hetero bonds. Highlights of significant developments in these areas define the scope of the present discussion.

Novel Methodologies for Chemical Activation in Organic Synthesis under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions

“…Just as in home cooking, instant heating and optimization of reaction times are the main attractive feature of this form of activation [ 123 ]. Among the advantages offered by the use of microwaves in organic synthesis, are better yields and higher purity of the reaction products, energy saving, uniform heating and good reproducibility [ 123 , 124 ]. Due to the above, the use of microwave activation is now quite widespread among groups working in the area of organic synthesis, generating a large number of publications [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ].…”

“…One of the potential problems in the employment of microwave reactors is the occasional explosion of the reactor flasks or tubes owing to the pressure exerted by the reaction solvent during irradiation. For this reason, the elimination of solvent has become rather important, which actually leads to shorter reaction times and better yields [ 124 ]. Below there are some illustrative examples of the use of microwaves in solvent-free reactions.…”

Synthesis and Application of Naphthalene Diimide as an Organic Molecular Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Energy Storage

“…The organic chemistry synthesis strategy has the greatest responsibility to realize the multi‐functional application of organic molecules, such as environment, materials, energy storage, and so on. [ 12 ] The structures of most organic molecules can be not only adjusted through changing the number and type of functional groups, but also can be flexibly designed at the molecule level by means of computational chemistry. [ 9,13 ] The organic synthesis strategy will play important role in improving issues with capacitance, potential range, cycling stability, and rate capability from following aspects: the multi‐electronic reversible redox reaction at the level of low molecular weight can be achieved by introducing active groups on organic molecule framework, which provide an electrochemical reaction foundation for increasing capacitance of OMEs.…”

Optimization of Energy Consumption in Chemical Production Based on Descriptive Analytics and Neural Network Modeling

“…Numerous works of researchers are devoted to the issues of increasing the energy efficiency of industrial production in general and chemical-technological systems. The main directions of research in the field of green chemistry and sustainable consumption of energy resources are determined by the work of the following scientists: Chen et al investigated the latest achievements of power engineering in the field of light chemistry [2]; Phan and Luscombe studied recent advances in environmentally friendly, sustainable synthesis of semiconductor polymers [3]; Delgado-Povedano and Luque de Castro evaluated the development of green analytical chemistry [4]; Liu et al substantiated water-soluble, highquality graphene as a green solution for efficient energy storage [5]; Mandal developed the theory of alternative energy sources for sustainable organic synthesis [6]; Wang and Feng deepened the knowledge of advanced materials for green chemistry and renewable energy [7]; Vertakova and Plotnikov proposed new technical energy-saving solutions based on waste processing [8].…”