Alternate synthesis and reflectivity spectrum of stage 1 lithium—graphite intercalation compound

Zanini, Margherita; Basu, S. K.; Fischer, J. E.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(78)90026-x

Cited by 62 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…With increasing Li concentration, the Drude plasma edge shifts into the visible from the infrared. [19][20][21][22] Stage 3 is green, stage 2 is red, and stage 1 is golden; these assignments are confirmed by in-situ Raman spectroscopy (supporting information) and agree well with previous reports 23 . The entire intercalation sequence is reversible if voltage is reduced to zero.…”

Section: Observation and Simulationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

103

134

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Section: Observation and Simulationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

103

134

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“…Alkali metal GICs have long been studied, but with the sudden growth in graphene research since 2004, there has been renewed interest in GICs as a possible route to obtaining isolated single‐layer graphene, as well as covalently modified graphene derivatives. Intercalation of alkali metals into graphite to produce well‐defined stage compounds has typically been achieved in the vapour phase; for some alkali metals, direct contact with the molten metal under inert atmosphere also results in well‐staged GICs . Lithium and potassium both insert readily into the graphite interlayer, forming compounds LiC 6 and KC 8 , but pure sodium does not intercalate graphite to any great extent, forming only high stage compounds (NaC 64 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of Ternary Sodium Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Rubio

Buckley

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Graphite intercalationc ompounds (GICs) are often used to produce exfoliated or functionalised graphene related materials (GRMs) in as pecific solvent. Thiss tudy explores the formation of the Na-tetrahydrofuran (THF)-GIC and a new ternary system based on dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Detailed comparisons of in situ temperature dependent XRD with TGA-MS and Ramanm easurements reveal as eries of dynamic transformationsd uring heating.S urprisingly,t he bulk of the intercalation compound is stable under ambient conditions, trappedb etween the graphene sheets. Theh eat-ing process drives ar eorganisation of the solventa nd Na molecules, then an evaporation of the solvent;h owever,t he solventl ossi sa rrested by restacking of the graphene layers, leadingt ot rapped solventb ubbles. Eventually,t he bubbles rupture, releasing the remainings olventa nd creating expandedg raphite. These trapped dopants may provideu seful property enhancements, but also potentially confound measurements of grafting efficiency in liquid-phase covalent functionalization experiments on 2D materials.[a] Dr. Figure 4. SEM images of Na-THF-NFG after heating under nitrogen to a,b) 300 8C, and c,d) 650 8C. Am uch greater expansion can be seen at the higher temperature, consistent with XRD. Figure 5. a) XRD patterns of Na-DMAc-NFG at 25 8C, then from 100-700 8Cin2 08Cintervals, and b) magnified diffractograms between 25-280 8C; Co Ka1 1.789 .S tage 1s tructure corresponds to an interlayers pacingo f7 .1 ;t he starred peak is attributed to the "random stage" phaseo rt urbostratic graphite; c) XRD peak intensity of graphite (002), S1B(001) and randomstage structure againstt emperature, with TGA (under N 2 )s hown for comparison.

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“…Recent density-functional theory ͑DFT͒ calculation of the quasi-two-dimensional ͑quasi-2D͒ electron systems, with graphite as an example, suggested that the generalized gradient approximation ͑GGA͒ gives poorer descriptions of 2D systems than the LDA. 62 The physical properties of LiC 6 have been studied through angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, 22,63 nuclear magnetic resonance ͑NMR͒, 64 Raman spectroscopy, 64 specific heat, metallic reflection, 65 anisotropic conductivity, 65 low-energy photoemission spectroscopy, 66 and optical spectra measurements. Charge transfer effects have been investigated experimentally for LiC 6 using angleresolved photoelectron spectroscopy 22 and x-ray photoemission spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and electronic properties of lithium intercalated graphiteLiC6

Kganyago¹,

Ngoepe²

2003

Phys. Rev. B

144

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We calculate the lattice properties and electronic structure of graphite and LiC 6 within the most widely used density-functional theory implementation, the local density approximation ͑LDA͒. Improvements to the LDA in the form of a generalized gradient approximation ͑GGA͒ are explored. Structural parameters predicted by the LDA, as expected, underestimate experiment within a 1%-2% margin of accuracy. The GGA does not give a good account in the prediction of lattice parameter c, especially in graphite, although it does give a reliable description of LiC 6 . The effect on intercalating lithium into graphite, where charge transfer from lithium to carbon layers ͑graphenes͒ is expected, is discussed from the valence charge density, partial density of states, and energy band structure plots. The latter plot is also compared with inelastic neutron scattering results and low-energy electron diffraction results. We extend this work by calculating the elastic constants and bulk modulus for both graphite and LiC 6 structures. These results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The calculated hydrostatic pressure dependence of the crystal structures is also found to be in good agreement with the results of high-resolution x-ray structural studies and with other experimental data as well as with other calculations. The analysis of electronic structure at 0 GPa ͑ambient pressure͒ is used to resolve inconsistencies between previous LDA calculations.

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Alternate synthesis and reflectivity spectrum of stage 1 lithium—graphite intercalation compound

Cited by 62 publications

References 6 publications

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Thermal Decomposition of Ternary Sodium Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Structural and electronic properties of lithium intercalated graphiteLiC6

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