“…Titanium (Ti) alloys are widely used in important industrial fields such as oil pipelines, aerospace, automobile manufacturing, marine drilling, and biomedicine due to their high specific strength, [1][2][3][4] low elastic modulus, [5][6][7] good electrical conductivity, [8,9] and fracture toughness, [10,11] as well as excellent corrosion resistance. [12][13][14] As a functional and structural material with excellent overall properties, the composition design, microstructure, mechanical characterization, and corrosion performance of Ti alloys have been extensively studied, [15][16][17][18] and the types of Ti alloys have gradually developed into hightemperature Ti alloys, [19,20] high-strength Ti alloys, [21,22] corrosion-resistant Ti alloys, [23,24] and biomedical Ti alloys, [25,26] which has great actual application value. In view of its excellent corrosion resistance, Ti alloy materials are more and more widely used in coastal atmospheric marine environments and soil corrosion environments.…”