Alternating terpolymerization of three non‐homopolymerizable monomers

Braun, Dietrich; Schacht, Matthias; Elsässer, Hartmut; Tüdős, F.

doi:10.1002/marc.1997.030180410

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…28 It is well known that alternating copolymers of vinyl ether and MA can be formed in free-radical polymerization. [29][30][31][32] Our previous report 21 used 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance to show that the molar composition of MA and CVE of the formed copolymer was 1:1, and the 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum suggested that these monomers were alternately polymerized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LCST-type phase behavior of poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) in n-butyl acetate

Liu

Guo

Inomata

2011

Polym J

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Novel polymer solutions exhibiting lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) have been studied. An alternating copolymer of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride was synthesized through free-radical solution polymerization. This copolymer can exhibit LCST-type phase behavior in n-butyl acetate (BuAc) under relatively mild conditions at temperatures sufficiently below its boiling point. The effects of molecular weight, polymer concentration and addition of cosolvent on the polymer solution's cloud point temperature (T cp ) were investigated. The T cp value was nearly constant over a wide range of concentrations and increased when the polymer concentration was reduced below a certain value. The experimental LCST-type phase diagram can be reasonably described by Flory-Huggins theory. The addition of non-solvents could reduce the T cp of the polymer solution in BuAc, whereas the addition of good solvents could increase the T cp . These LCST-type phase behaviors may be attributed to specific polar interactions between the polymer and the solvent. INTRODUCTIONLower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior in polymer solutions has been attracting a great deal of attention over the past decade. Polymers that exhibit LCST are a class of stimuli-sensitive polymers that are soluble at temperatures below the LCST and become insoluble above the LCST. Many studies have focused on LCST-type phase behavior in aqueous polymer solutions, and many theories and applications have been developed. 1-3 Today, LCST-type phase behavior of polymers in nonaqueous media is also attracting interest as an opportunity for research and development of smart materials. For example, LCST polymer solutions of thermoresponsive polymer/ionic liquid systems have been reported. [4][5][6][7] Conventional LCST polymer solutions in organic media have critical temperatures that are higher than the boiling points (BPs) of the solvents. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] These reported systems can exhibit LCST-type phase behavior under some extreme conditions, for example, in sealed highpressure cells above the BP of the solvent or using considerably highmolecular-weight polymers. Some theories have been proposed to explain or predict this type of LCST-type phase behavior. [15][16][17] In freevolume theories, the difference between the densities or the expansion coefficients of the polymer and the solvent above the solvent's BP is proposed to cause phase separation at elevated temperatures. 17 Because these conditions are inconvenient to study, a novel polymer/organic media solution that can present LCST under mild

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LCST-type phase behavior of poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) in n-butyl acetate

Liu

Guo

Inomata

2011

Polym J

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“…The actual composition of the copolymers MAn/BuVE was confirmed as 1/1 molar ratio by integrating the peaks corresponding to CH 2 protons of the BuVE lateral chain and the CH protons of MAn at 3.9-3.0 ppm and the peaks of CH of the main ether chain at 4.8-3.9 ppm in 1 H NMR spectra [13][14][15] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Polymer Synthesis and Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Targeted Administration of Active Agents: Synthesis and Evaluation

Chiellini

Piras

Gazzarri

et al. 2008

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Bioerodible polymers displaying both stealth and targeting properties for the preparation of nanosystems for targeted and controlled delivery of fibrinolytic drugs to the thrombus were prepared by straightforward synthetic routes and characterized. Poly[(maleic anhydride)-alt-(butylvinyl ether)]s were synthesized in the presence of dodecyl mercaptan as chain transfer agent allowing for the preparation of copolymers with tunable molecular weight. 2-Methoxyethanol hemiesters containing antiopsonizing molecules of poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared and further biofunctionalized with a Fab fragment by a two-step reaction. In vitro biocompatibility investigation of the prepared materials supported their suitability for biomedical applications.

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“…In the present paper this treatment is applied to the more complex case of three non-homopolymerizable donorand acceptor monomers. Terpolymerizations of these monomers result in terpolymers with alternating sequences of donor-and acceptor monomers, and therefore sometimes are called "alternating terpolymerization" 4) . Because of this strong alternating character there are two types of ternary systems containing acceptor-and donor monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical terpolymerization of three non-homopolymerizable monomers, 1 Kinetic scheme

Braun¹,

Elsässer²

2000

Macromol. Theory Simul.

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In previous papers two models were proposed which describe the terpolymerization of non‐homopolymerizable donor and acceptor monomers. The first one is based on the terminal model considering only the propagation reactions of the free monomers. The second one is the complex model considering only the reactions of charge‐transfer complexes. This paper describes a new kinetic scheme involving the participation of both the free monomers and the charge‐transfer complexes. Quantitative treatment of the overall polymerization rate by this new kinetic scheme allows to evaluate the degree of the participation of the free monomers and the charge‐transfer complexes. For the first time therefore it is possible to determine quantitatively the influence of charge‐transfer complexes on the free radical terpolymerization of non‐homopolymerizable monomers.

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Alternating terpolymerization of three non‐homopolymerizable monomers

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

LCST-type phase behavior of poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) in n-butyl acetate

LCST-type phase behavior of poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) in n-butyl acetate

Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Targeted Administration of Active Agents: Synthesis and Evaluation

Free radical terpolymerization of three non-homopolymerizable monomers, 1 Kinetic scheme

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