Alternation behavior of children in a cross-maze

Pate, James L.; Bell, Gail L.

doi:10.3758/bf03332653

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The T-maze side choice is affected by at least three different functions: (a) SAB, (b) behavioral lateralization, and (c) PB. SAB is a very reliable behavioral pattern that is present in the vast majority of those animals that have been studied, but the physiological functions of this behavioral pattern remain unknown (Bronstein et al,, 1974;Dember, 1989aDember, , 1989bDouglas, 1975;Egger et al, 1983;Frederickson & Frederickson, 1979;Hess & Blozovski, 1987;Pate & Bell, 1971). In the present study, we found that SAB is inhibited by stress or practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the experimental subject has not been trained by differential reinforcement to choose a particular side, the expected probability of the alternation pattern should be that of random (i.e., 50%). However, under such conditions, all animal species that have so far been studied (including humans) have shown a very high percentage of alternation (between 70 and 80%; Bronstein et al, 1974;Dember, 1989aDember, , 1989bDouglas, 1975;Egger et al, 1983;Frederickson & Frederickson, 1979;Hess & Blozovski, 1987;Pate & Bell, 1971). The opposite of SAB is perseverative behavior (PB).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Laterality, alternation, and perseveration relationships on the T-maze test.

Rodrı́guez¹,

Gomez²,

Alonso³

et al. 1992

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The T-maze test has been used to study several entirely different issues: spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB), perseveration behavior (PB), and behavioral lateralization. Despite the fact that in this test the behavior studied is always the same one (i.e., side choice), the possible relationships among SAB, PB, and lateralization have not been previously evaluated. The present study investigated the relationships among these functions. The results demonstrated that (a) shock increases PB and lateralization but decreases SAB, (b) practice increases lateralization and decreases SAB but does not modify PB, and (c) there are sex differences for alternation and SAB. Because these functions are expressed by the same behavioral pattern, they must be quantified simultaneously to avoid mistaken conclusions when the T-maze test is used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laterality, alternation, and perseveration relationships on the T-maze test.

Rodrı́guez¹,

Gomez²,

Alonso³

et al. 1992

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…A marked developmental trend in spontaneous alternation (SA) behavior has been observed in several species, including rats (Kirkby, 1967), hamsters (Kirkby & Lackey, 1968), and humans (Pate & Bell, 1971). In a recent set of studies Egger, Livesey, and Dawson (1973) found that with rats, rates of alternation of selected goal arms on 2 trials in a T-maze increased from approximately 20% at 15-16 days of age to around 90% at 100 days, paralleling the developing influence of drugs such as scopolamine and physostigmine which disrupt or facilitate alternation through the manipulation of acetylcholine levels in the brain.…”

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confidence: 99%

The relevance of memory, arousal, and cue factors to developmental changes in spontaneous alternation by rats

Egger

1973

Developmental Psychobiology

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Three studies are reported which indicate that memory factors, heightened arousal, and differences in the use of cues are not responsible for the differences in spontaneous alternation (SA) behavior which have been typically found to exist between infant and adult rats. Experiment I examined memory as a factor by reducing intertrial intervals to a minimum. This manipulation did not alter alternation rates at any of the ages studied. Experiment I1 investigated the effect on alternation of reducing the heightened arousal of young rats by the use of the nonspecific depressant drug chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Alternation rates in both infant and adult rats were again unaffected. Experiment 111 indicated that 16-day old rats are influenced by the same spatial and olfactory cues that evoke SA in mature animals, but that they tend to use these in a different fashion to adults. The results supported the hypothesis that inhibitory deficiencies in young animals are responsible for the typical perserverative pattern of choices made by these animals in an equal alternative 2-choice T-maze situation.

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“…Several studies; of the development of spontaneous alternation in rats (Egger, 1973;Egger et al, 1973;Kirkby, 1967), hamsters (Kirkby & Lackey, 1968) and humans (Pate & Bell, 1971) have employed the between-age-group design of the present study and have suggested that the tendency to alternate develops rather slowly and gradually through the neonatal and early juvenile periods. Douglas and his associates, however, have adduced evidence that the gradual developmental trends seen in pooled, age-group data on spontaneous alternation actually reflect what are quite sudden (but asynchronous) developmental changes among the individual subjects comprising the groups (Douglas, Packouz, & Douglas, 1972;Douglas etal., 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of spontaneous alternation in the kitten

Frederickson

1979

Developmental Psychobiology

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Two studies are reported that describe the development of spontaneous alternation in the kitten. The first indicates that 3- and 4-week-old kittens do not alternate whereas animals 5 weeks and older do alternate. The second suggests that inability to discriminate maze arms is an unlikely explanation for the lack of alternation among the youngest animals. The approximate simultaneity between the onset of alternation (described here) and the maturation of the kitten hippocampus (described by others) is taken as support for the notion that hippocampal maturation may be related to the development of spontaneous alternation.

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Alternation behavior of children in a cross-maze

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Laterality, alternation, and perseveration relationships on the T-maze test.

Laterality, alternation, and perseveration relationships on the T-maze test.

The relevance of memory, arousal, and cue factors to developmental changes in spontaneous alternation by rats

Emergence of spontaneous alternation in the kitten

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