Alternative applications of the strategic control against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in a subtropical area

Abstract

Although different evaluations on the efficacy of the strategic control against Rhipicephalus microplus have been performed, the effects of successive applications of these schemes on the abundance of cattle ticks have not been evaluated. The aim of this work was to analyse the long-term effect of strategic applications of chemical acaricides on the R. microplus infestation in cattle in a subtropical area. These schemes are based on the application of three annual treatments between late winter and late spring. Additionally, a trial to evaluate the efficacy of the strategic control by deferring the first treatment from late winter to spring and the third treatment from late spring to summer was also carried out. The efficacy of the strategic control applied on 3 consecutive years was significant. The tick infestation in the treated group always remained at low levels, because mean number of ticks was almost never higher than 20. Regarding the trial where the third application of acaricide was deferred from spring to summer, and the first one from late winter to spring, the differences between treated and control group were significant in all post-treatment counts. The results of this study add evidence that support the sustainability of the strategic control in subtropical areas where the population dynamics of R. microplus is characterized by a well-marked seasonal pattern. Three relevant aspects were determined: (i) the feasibility and efficacy of successive applications of the strategic control in consecutive years; (ii) the time window to start the sequence of treatments is from late winter to midspring; (iii) it is achievable deferring the last treatment from late spring to summer if the tick infestation levels on cattle are low enough to allow it.

Brazil's battle against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks: current strategies and future directions

“…The classical concept of strategic tick control refers to the planning of tick treatments rather than arbitrary treatment. This is generally based on the prioritization of the treatments in the seasons ecologically unfavorable to the ticks (e.g., winter or dry season) ( Nava et al, 2020 ; Nava et al, 2021 ; Centenaro et al, 2022 ). At least in theory, the combination of these principles would reduce the number of acaricide treatments and increase the efficacy of tick control.…”