Alternative carbon based acid catalyst for selective esterification of glycerol to acetylglycerols

Sánchez, Julián Alberto Zambrano; Hernández, Diana; Moreno, Andrés; Mondragón, Fanor; Fernández, Jhon J.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2011.07.027

Cited by 99 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sulfonated pyrolyzed carbon sources such as olive stone, sucrose and starch have also been utilized as SACs for the dehydration of ethanol, the esterification of glycerol, and the hydration of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, respectively. 11,12,14 These sulfonated carbon materials maintain a high level of acidity even in the presence of water which offers advantages over traditional inorganic oxides such as zeolites, whose acidity can be compromised under aqueous conditions. 11 Unfortunately, the pyrolysis step required to prepare these sulfonated catalysts utilizes temperatures that commonly exceed 400 1C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The composition and structure of SACs is diverse and includes alumina and modified alumina, 3,4 modified zirconia, 5 reactive clays, 6 sulfonated polymer resins, [7][8][9] carbon-based materials, [10][11][12][13][14][15] and zeolites. [16][17][18][19] Zeolites, which are high-surface area aluminosilicates with a well-defined structure, are among the most widely used SACs largely because they are employed in the petroleum industry as fluid cracking catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphite oxide activated zeolite NaY: applications in alcohol dehydration

Todd

Bielawski

2013

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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A mixture of graphite oxide (GO) and the zeolite NaY (Si/Al = 5.1) was used to dehydrate various alcohols to their respective olefinic products. Using conditions optimized for 4-heptanol (15 wt% GO-NaY (1 : 1 wt/wt), 150 1C, 30 min), a series of secondary and tertiary aliphatic alcohols were cleanly dehydrated in moderate to excellent conversions (27.5-97.2%). Several primary alcohols were also dehydrated, although higher catalyst loadings (200 wt% GO-NaY (1 : 1) and longer reaction times (3 h) were required. The enhanced dehydration activity was attributed to the ability of GO to convert NaY to an acidic form and without the need for ammonium cation exchange and/or high temperature calcination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite oxide activated zeolite NaY: applications in alcohol dehydration

Todd

Bielawski

2013

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…25 The use of sulphonated carbons in glycerol esterification has been recently described. 26,27 Sulphonated pyrolised (400°C) sucrose provided excellent glycerol conversion and a maximum of 50% selectivity towards TAG at 180°C. 26 Sulphonated activated carbon led to mixtures of 38% MAG, 28% DAG and 34% TAG at 120-135°C with glycerol conversions over 90%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 Sulphonated pyrolised (400°C) sucrose provided excellent glycerol conversion and a maximum of 50% selectivity towards TAG at 180°C. 26 Sulphonated activated carbon led to mixtures of 38% MAG, 28% DAG and 34% TAG at 120-135°C with glycerol conversions over 90%. 27 Carbons prepared under mild conditions, such as hydrothermal carbon (HTC), are very attractive materials from a sustainability point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased catalyst in biorefinery processes: sulphonated hydrothermal carbon for glycerol esterification

Calle

Fraile

García‐Bordejé

et al. 2015

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Sulphonated hydrothermal carbon (SHTC), obtained from D-glucose by mild hydrothermal carbonisation and subsequent sulphonation with sulphuric acid, is able to catalyse the esterification of glycerol with different carboxylic acids, namely, acetic, butyric and caprylic acids. Product selectivity can be tuned by simply controlling the reaction conditions. On the one hand, SHTC provides one of the best selectivity towards monoacetins described up to now without the need for an excess of glycerol. On the other hand, excellent selectivity towards triacylglycerides (TAG) can be obtained, beyond those described with other solid catalysts, including well-known sulphonic resins. Recovery of the catalyst showed partial deactivation of the solid. The formation of sulphonate esters on the surface, confirmed by solid state NMR, was the cause of this behaviour. Acid treatment of the used catalyst, with subsequent hydrolysis of the surface sulphonate esters, allows SHTC to recover its activity. The higher selectivity towards mono-and triesters and its renewable origin makes SHTC an attractive catalyst in biorefinery processes.

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“…A major drawback to using homogeneous catalysts is that they lead to serious technical and environmental problems. Therefore, employing heterogeneous acid catalysts can contribute to overcome these drawbacks [1,11,[13][14][15][16]. Due to their stronger Brönsted acidity than conventional solid acids like mixed oxides and zeolites, Keggin type heteropolyacids (HPAs) can be employed instead of classical homogeneous acids [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zr-modified hierarchical mordenite as heterogeneous catalyst for glycerol esterification

Popova

Lazarova

Kalvachev

et al. 2017

Catalysis Communications

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Hierarchical mordenite catalysts were prepared by HF and NH4F etching. Materials' zirconia modification was performed by incipient wetness impregnation in order to vary surface acidity type and strength. XRD, N2 physisorption, solid-state NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies were applied for characterization. Acidic properties of the obtained materials were investigated by TPD of adsorbed ammonia and FT-IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine. Catalytic performance was studied for the glycerol esterification with acetic acid. Zr increased reaction turnover activity compared to raw zeolite substrate due to abundant Brönsted and Lewis moiety presence. The demonstrated biomass valorization processes to bio-based platform chemicals are of interest, as they employ biodiesel production waste.11

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Alternative carbon based acid catalyst for selective esterification of glycerol to acetylglycerols

Cited by 99 publications

References 25 publications

Graphite oxide activated zeolite NaY: applications in alcohol dehydration

Graphite oxide activated zeolite NaY: applications in alcohol dehydration

Biobased catalyst in biorefinery processes: sulphonated hydrothermal carbon for glycerol esterification

Zr-modified hierarchical mordenite as heterogeneous catalyst for glycerol esterification

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