Alternative carbon reducing agents for ferroalloy production

Anthracite briquettes with plant byproducts as an ecofriendly fuel for foundries

“…However, Si metal powder is relatively expensive as a silicon source compared to rice hull ashes or rice hull powder. Also, carbon from anthracite [3,28], lignin [3,29] and rice hulls or rice hull ashes may work as a reducing agent to reduce the plant-based silica to Si 0 for the SiC formation. Therefore, we also investigated a variety of other additives to increase UC strength of without any addition of Si metal powder in preparing anthracite briquettes.…”

Organic neem compounds inhibit soft-rot fungal growth and improve the strength of anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas

“…As fusing‐grade bituminous coal is depleted and prices rise (U.S. Energy Information Administration, ), investigation into alternative fuels has led to the production of bindered anthracite bricks (Thoms et al . ; Strakhov , ). A Penn State team, collaborating with Furness‐Newburge and Jeddo Coal, have been developing bindered anthracite bricks as an alternative fuel source, where the binders include collagen, lignin, silicon/silicate, and other additives (Huang et al .…”

The effect of different carbon reductants on the production of ferrosilicon 75% on an industrial scale in an electric arc furnace

“…Pavlov et al [ 12 ], with direct dilatometric measurements in simulated reducing processes in ferroalloy furnaces, showed that based on the progress of the process, coal has more reaction power than semi-coke and coke. But coal is mechanically destroyed under a load of 2 kg/briquette, at 500–700 °C [ 16 , 17 ].…”