Alternative current electroluminescence and flexible light emitting devices

Jayathilaka, W.A.D.M.; Chinnappan, Amutha; Tey, Ju Nie; Wei, Jun; Ramakrishna, Seeram

doi:10.1039/c9tc01267b

Cited by 64 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…Recently, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been extensively studied for their various advantages such as solution-processability, cost-effectiveness, and room temperature processing. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In particular, due to their capability of emitting high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light, high-efficiency UV-OLEDs demonstrate great signicance for IT storage, photocuring, aerospace, medical and military applications. 7,8 In addition, UV-OLEDs can be potentially implemented in RGB screens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article: Wavelength modulation of ZnO nanowire based organic light-emitting diodes with ultraviolet electroluminescence

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article: Wavelength modulation of ZnO nanowire based organic light-emitting diodes with ultraviolet electroluminescence

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, such devices show limited luminance values and the high AC voltage values usually employed (50-200 V) can be too hazardous for wearable applications. Furthermore, the ACEL device can be damaged by humidity and for such reason an encapsulation process is necessary [20].…”

Section: Light Emitting Technologies: Working Principles and Textile Integration 21 Acel Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…usually employed (50-200 V) can be too hazardous for wearable applications. Furth more, the ACEL device can be damaged by humidity and for such reason an encapsu tion process is necessary [20]. Examples of ACEL devices integrated on both single fibers and fabrics are discuss below and they are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: Light Emitting Technologies: Working Principles and Textile Integration 21 Acel Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Emitting Textiles: Device Architectures, Working Principles, and Applications

et al. 2021

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E-textiles represent an emerging technology aiming toward the development of fabric with augmented functionalities, enabling the integration of displays, sensors, and other electronic components into textiles. Healthcare, protective clothing, fashion, and sports are a few examples application areas of e-textiles. Light-emitting textiles can have different applications: sensing, fashion, visual communication, light therapy, etc. Light emission can be integrated with textiles in different ways: fabricating light-emitting fibers and planar light-emitting textiles or employing side-emitting polymer optical fibers (POFs) coupled with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Different kinds of technology have been investigated: alternating current electroluminescent devices (ACELs), inorganic and organic LEDs, and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The different device working principles and architectures are discussed in this review, highlighting the most relevant aspects and the possible approaches for their integration with textiles. Regarding POFs, the methodology to obtain side emissions and the critical aspects for their integration into textiles are discussed in this review. The main applications of light-emitting fabrics are illustrated, demonstrating that LEDs, alone or coupled with POFs, represent the most robust technology. On the other hand, OLEDs (Organic LEDs) are very promising for the future of light-emitting fabrics, but some issues still need to be addressed.

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“…At present, the theory inorganic EL is yet to be further studied as its not fully mature, while the ACEL device mainly relies on the excitation of electric fields including impact ionization or impact excitation theory. [28,29] The collision excitation is due to the direct collision between hot electrons and the luminescent center as schematically illustrated in Figure 4b. First, the deep-level electrons in the phosphor layer interface or dielectric layer are excited to enter the phosphor layer by tunneling under the driving high field.…”

Section: The Electroluminescent Mechanism Via Tengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Alternating‐Current Electroluminescence Plunging to Below 1 Hz Frequency by Triboelectrification

Sun

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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The basic structure of high-field EL is an alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) device, where the electrons in the phosphor or injected by the electrode are accelerated in the crystal and collide with the luminescent center to excite or ionize under the applied electric field, and emit radio light when electrons return to the ground state. [11,12] Compared to the traditional LED, the ACEL device has attracted widespread concerns due to its low power consumption, long service life, and excellent mechanical stability, however, the high frequency and unavoidable high driving voltage required for light-emitting limits the wide application in smart wearable field. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of science and technology, electronic devices have shown a trend of miniaturization, low power consumption, and multi-function, thus it is urgent to find a low carbon, environmentally friendly, and clean energy to get rid of the dependence on traditional power sources. Pioneered by Wang and co-workers, nanogenerators based on the coupling of the triboelectrification and electrostatic induction have been developed in the last few years, [13][14][15] ushering a new era of environmental energy collection and utilization. Unlike traditional chemical batteries, which have a limited lifespan and need to be replaced or recharged frequently. [16][17][18] The TENG have shown unprecedented output performance and advantages in harvest randomly distributed or irregular mechanical energy from the environment into electrical energy, Low frequency, portable power source is one of the key challenges for applications of wearable alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) device because it typically requiresa working frequency above 500 Hz. Here, an extremely low frequency self-powered ACEL system is proposed, which consists of a vertical contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator and a self-made flexible ACEL device. It achieves directly-driven electroluminescence phenomenon in real-time by triboelectrification and works completely self-powered through converting kinetic energy of human body into electricity. The working frequency has fallen from 500 to 1 Hz, i.e., the real frequency needed for electroluminescence has dropped 500 times, which is due to the favorable low-frequency high-voltage advantages of the triboelectric nanogenerator. It delivers a stabilized open-circuit voltage of 160 V and a short-circuit current of 6 µA for applied force of 0.1 N. Meanwhile, a strong blueshift is also observed experimentally with the change of working frequency. Furthermore, a self-powered medical protective gown is demonstrated that is real-time monitoring both the temperature and humidity. This work breaking the bottleneck of high-frequency driving, demonstrates the great potential of self-powered ACEL systems in wearable electronics and medical health.

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Alternative current electroluminescence and flexible light emitting devices

Abstract: Flexible electroluminescence has become a trending technological breakthrough from large-scale displays to wearable light emitting devices. Among different techniques, alternative current electroluminescence (ACEL) has out-shined due to its intrinsic advantages.

Cited by 64 publications

References 184 publications

Retracted Article: Wavelength modulation of ZnO nanowire based organic light-emitting diodes with ultraviolet electroluminescence

Retracted Article: Wavelength modulation of ZnO nanowire based organic light-emitting diodes with ultraviolet electroluminescence

Light-Emitting Textiles: Device Architectures, Working Principles, and Applications

Flexible Alternating‐Current Electroluminescence Plunging to Below 1 Hz Frequency by Triboelectrification

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