Alternative Fuels: 
Assessment of Fischer-Tropsch Fuel for Military Use in 6.5L Diesel Engine

Frame, Edwin A; Alvarez, R.A.; Blanks, Matthew G.; Freerks, Robert L.; Stavinoha, Leo L.; Muzzell, Patsy A.; Villahermosa, Luis A.

doi:10.4271/2004-01-2961

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This initiative provides that US energy independence can begin with a national alternative fuel initiative to provide the US military with a secure domestic supply of clean fuel synthesized from domestic resources. Investigation of various fuels such as ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) [2,4], synthetic fuels [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], JP-8/JP-5 [12][13][14], and blends of biodiesel [15][16][17][18][19][20] in military applications is necessary to identify the required operational performance and potential issues. The problematic long-term supplies of oil and increasing knowledge of health effects of JP-8 [21], however, have recently encouraged the US military to develop a new synthetic-8 fuel (S-8), an alternative to JP-8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and durability of a generator set CI engine using synthetic and petroleum based fuels for military applications

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and durability of a generator set CI engine using synthetic and petroleum based fuels for military applications

et al. 2010

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“…Recently, a study was conducted by Frame et al [5] to investigate the use of a synthetic jet fuel in a medium-duty diesel engine, with a particular focus on studying the wear in the pump due to lower lubricity of the fuel, rather than calibration. In response to a renewed interest by NATO to monitor and improve the quality of JP-8, a study was conducted by Korres et al [6] fuel for on-road buses and trucks [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

McKee¹,

Fernandes²,

Fuschetto³

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT:The US army single fuel forward policy mandates that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8, and when that is not available, are permitted to use diesel. The US army is expected to use JP-8 till year 2025. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel due to its lower density and viscosity, but few experimental studies suggest that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions (especially particulate matter) compared to typical distillate fuels such as diesel #2. However, studies so far were typically focused on quantifying effects of simply replacing the regular diesel fuel with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose engine calibration capable of minimizing the possible penalties. Test experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with EGR. The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched without smoke or NOx penalty by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for lower density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 led to higher ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, but adjusting of injection timing to keep the ignition timing unchanged had a minor effect. Under almost all conditions, JP-8 led to lower NOx and PM emissions and shifted the NOx-PM tradeoff favorably. The US army single fuel forward policy mandates that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8, and when that is not available, are permitted to use diesel. The US army is expected to use JP-8 till year 2025. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel due to its lower density and viscosity, but few experimental studies suggest that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions (especially particulate matter) compared to typical distillate fuels such as diesel #2. However, studies so far were typically focused on quantifying effects of simply replacing the regular diesel fuel with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose engine calibration capable of minimizing the possible penalties. Test experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with EGR. The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched without smoke or NOx penalty by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for lower density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 led to higher ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, but adju...

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“…Few studies examined the effect of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate on the autoignition process [10,11], which is very slow for some alternate fuels [12,13], particularly when they exhibit the lowtemperature combustion (LTC) regime [12][13][14]. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of treating Sasol IPK with different percentages of 2-EHN on the autoignition process.…”

Section: Security Classification Of: 17 Limitation Of Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cetane Improver on Autoignition Characteristics of Low Cetane Sasol IPK Using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)

Zheng

Badawy

Henein

et al. 2013

Volume 2: Fuels; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design, Lubrication, and Applications

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This paper investigates the effect of a cetane improver on the autoignition characteristics of Sasol IPK in the combustion chamber of the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The fuel tested was Sasol IPK with a Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 31, treated with different percentages of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver ranging from 0.1% to 0.4%. Tests were conducted under steady state conditions at a constant charging pressure of 21 bar. The charge air temperature before fuel injection varied from 778 to 848 K. Accordingly, all the tests were conducted under a constant charge density. The rate of heat release was calculated and analyzed in details, particularly during the autoignition period.In addition, the physical and chemical delay periods were determined by comparing the results of two tests. The first was conducted with fuel injection into air according to ASTM standards where combustion occurred. In the second test, the fuel was injected into the chamber charged with nitrogen. The physical delay is defined as the period of time from start of injection (SOI) to point of inflection (POI), and the chemical delay is defined as the period of time from POI to start of combustion (SOC). Both the physical and chemical delay periods were determined under different charge temperatures. The cetane improver was found to have an effect only on the chemical ID period. In addition, the effect of the cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global combustion reactions was determined. The results showed a linear drop in the apparent activation energy with the increase in the percentage of the cetane improver. Moreover, the low temperature (LT) regimes were investigated and found to be presented in base fuel, as well as cetane improver treated fuels.

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Alternative Fuels: Assessment of Fischer-Tropsch Fuel for Military Use in 6.5L Diesel Engine

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Performance and durability of a generator set CI engine using synthetic and petroleum based fuels for military applications

Performance and durability of a generator set CI engine using synthetic and petroleum based fuels for military applications

Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

Effect of Cetane Improver on Autoignition Characteristics of Low Cetane Sasol IPK Using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)

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