Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing

Chinyama, Moses P. M.

doi:10.5772/22319

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[2][3][4] This practice implies a wide range of benets such as reductions in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and the consequent mitigation of climate change, brings savings of non-renewable resources, and at the same time provides a solution to an emerging problem in our society, namely, the management of wastes. On the other hand, as has been reported by the German GTZ and Holcim Group Support 5 and subsequently summarized by Chinyama, 6 important considerations have to be taken into account when co-processing: (1) co-processing must respect the waste hierarchy established by the Waste Framework Directive (2008/ 98EC); (2) additional emissions and negative impacts on human health must be avoided; (3) the quality of the cement must remain unaffected; (4) companies that co-process must be qualied; and nally (5) the implementation of co-processing must consider national circumstances (e.g. legislation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Environmental trends of metals and PCDD/Fs around a cement plant after alternative fuel implementation: human health risk assessment

Mari

Rovira

Sánchez-Soberón

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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This study aimed at evaluating the potential impact of a cement plant after 4 years of the employment of alternative fuel. In June 2015, concentrations of PCDD/Fs and metals were determined in soils, vegetation and air in order to measure potential changes with respect to previous surveys before (July 2011) and after (June 2013) the employment of alternative fuel. Risks to human health were also assessed. In soils, metal levels were similar to those observed in June 2013 (p > 0.05). In comparison with July 2011, the increment was only statistically significant for As and Cd (p < 0.05). A notable increase in levels of PCDD/Fs was noted when current levels in soils (1.14 ng WHO-TEQ per kg) were compared with those observed in July 2011 (0.37 ng WHO-TEQ per kg) (p > 0.05) and June 2013 (0.41 ng WHO-TEQ per kg) (p < 0.05). This increase was mainly caused by the increase in PCDD/F levels at one sampling site, which showed the heterogeneity of PCDD/F levels in soils, possibly as a result of different point emissions over the years. On the other hand, temporal trends in levels of metals and PCDD/Fs in vegetation showed a clear decrease, which indicated that the particle fraction of these pollutants would potentially be removed from leaf surfaces by wash-off. In air, levels were similar to those found in previous surveys. The results of PCA showed that the change in fuel had not affected the environmental profiles of metals and PCDD/Fs around the cement plant. The exposure of the population living in the surroundings of the plant was measured and it was shown that diet was the major contributor for both metals and PCDD/Fs, with percentages of over 97%, the only exceptions being As and Pb, for which dietary intake accounted for 43% and 71% of the total exposure, respectively. Environmental non-cancer and cancer risks were within the limits considered as acceptable by international standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Environmental trends of metals and PCDD/Fs around a cement plant after alternative fuel implementation: human health risk assessment

Mari

Rovira

Sánchez-Soberón

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…German development agency GTZ and Holcim Group Support, Ltd. have outlined five guiding principles, in order to furnish an all-encompassing yet succinct synopsis for coincineration project planners and stakeholders. They believe that cocombustion of alternative fuels in cement plants should be carried out under the following five guidelines: 112 (1) Co-processing respects the waste hierarchy.…”

Section: Advantages and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be cut into pieces of up to about 25 mm, typically, their size is between 25 and 100 mm. 112 The utilization of scrap tires in cement kilns reduces the consumption of fossil fuels, and the environmental impact of their cocombustion has been extensively studied in the literature. Numerous studies have indicated the presence of divergent outcomes concerning the release of organic and inorganic pollutants during the utilization of TDF in the context of cement production.…”

Section: Advantages and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1994, the European Union prohibited MBM from being fed to cattle, sheep, or other animals, or disposed of in landfills, as this still failed to prevent the spread of mad cow disease. 112 This prohibition has generated a surge in the inclination toward employing MBM as a combustible source within the cement manufacturing sector, guaranteeing the complete thermal obliteration of all biological entities, accompanied by their optimal exploitation of energy potential. Currently, a wide range of today's cement manufacturers are beginning to use MBM to varying degrees.…”

Section: Meat and Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on the Uses of Biomass Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing Process: A Review

Luo,

Song,

Huang

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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The combustion of fossil energy has resulted in the emission of a substantial quantity of greenhouse gases, leading to the occurrence of global warming and a cascade of climate-related issues. Among many fossil energy consuming and heavily polluting processes, cement manufacturing from the precalciner kiln system stands out as a significant contributor. Over the past few decades, a substantial body of research has been conducted with the aim of reducing both the energy consumption and environmental impact associated with this industry through the utilization of alternative fuel sources. The integration of alternative fuels (plastic waste, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste, refuse-derived fuel, tire-derived fuel, wood waste, etc.) in cement manufacturing has garnered considerable attention due to its efficacy in substituting the thermal energy requirements historically met by fossil fuels (coal, petroleum coke, oil, natural gas, etc.), thereby mitigating greenhouse gases emissions (CO 2 ). The harshly alkaline conditions, elevated temperatures, and prolonged residence time of the rotary kiln facilitate the incineration of a diverse range of waste materials and hazardous substances (municipal solid waste, tirederived fuel, dioxins and furans, heavy metals, etc.). However, alternative fuel still causes many problems. In recent years, with the increasingly attractive carbon emissions, biomass has proven to be a capable energy to meet the growing demand for clean energy. Biomass alternative fuels used to replace fossil fuels may reduce carbon emissions, and this is the main goal of climate strategy in various countries in the world. This paper presents the latest advancements in the utilization of biomass alternative fuels within the cement industry, and thoroughly examines and deliberates upon many scholarly articles pertaining to this particular research area. Studies on the impact of biomass alternative fuels on environmental emission, and challenges that may encounter when using biomass replacement fuel have also been included in this review. This paper furnishes a comprehensive understanding and elucidation of biomass alternative fuels, encompassing their implementation in the cement industry, while accentuating their salutary ramifications on the environment. Subsequently, we scrutinize the principal quandaries pertaining to the cocombustion of biomass alternative fuel in the cement industry and proffer feasible proposals for targeted solutions.

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“…This fuel with high calorific value-optimum moisture is used as fuel in cement plants and energy production facilities. RDF with as specialized calorific value, moisture and size prepared according to the cement plants, is an efficient type of waste mixture that is easily fed [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Waste for Energy Generation in Clinker Production: Environmental Perspective

Tunçez

2020

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

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Meeting the increasing energy need from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas caused the rapid depletion of natural resources. In a world where the need for energy is constantly increasing and resources are getting scarce; it is necessary to ensure the sustainability of energy. Clinker production is a process which require high amount of energy in manufacturing industry. The fact that energy is mostly obtained from coal, which is a non-renewable fuel, puts the future of the sustainability of cement production at risk. Alternative fuel usage plays the most important role in achieving more than one goal, such as protecting natural resources and utilization of waste. In this study, data was obtained from Turkish cement factories which used waste for fuel generation in clicker production in year 2017. The data was evaluated and amount of coal that could be saved annually was calculated. Results revealed that a10934.573 TJ of energy was obtained from the use of waste for alternative fuel in 2017 in Turkey thus, it is demonstrated that 918871 tons of nonrenewable fuel-lignite coal could be preserved.

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Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Environmental trends of metals and PCDD/Fs around a cement plant after alternative fuel implementation: human health risk assessment

Environmental trends of metals and PCDD/Fs around a cement plant after alternative fuel implementation: human health risk assessment

Recent Advances on the Uses of Biomass Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing Process: A Review

Utilization of Waste for Energy Generation in Clinker Production: Environmental Perspective

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