Alternative fumigants for the control of stored-product insects.

Abstract

Methyl bromide and phosphine are the most widely used fumigants for controlling pest infestation in grain, dry food products and quarantine insects in cut flowers. Some stored-product insects have developed resistance to phosphine and, with the proposed phase out of methyl bromide in the near future, there is an urgent need to search for suitable alternatives. This study reported here evaluated the potential of methyl iodide (CH3I), carbon disulfide (CS2), benzaldehyde (C7H6O), and several isothiocyanates against the main stored-product insects. The toxicity of the various fumigants was assessed against adults, pupae and larvae of six major stored-product insects. We report on the isolation and fumigant activity of several isothiocyanates from Cruciferae seeds. One of these, isolated from Eruca sativa, was partially identified as alkil-thio-alkil-isothiocyanate.

A Review of Biology and Management of Lesser Grain Borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Northern Nigerian Storage System

“…Plant essential oils and solvent extracts are the most studied botanical method of controlling stored grain insect infestation (Stoll, 2000;Shaaya, et al, 2003;Moreire et al, 2007;Rozman et al, 2007). The essential oils obtained from different plant species repel several insect pests and possess ovicidal and larvicidal properties.…”

Nitrates and Glucosinolates as Strong Determinants of the Nutritional Quality in Rocket Leafy Salads

“…The positive and beneficial effects on human health of the phytochemicals contained in rocket were reported by several clinical research studies. Glucosinolate, isothyocianate and antioxidant compounds are not only able to defend rocket plants from herbivores, insects and microorganisms but also to protect against higher animal degenerative diseases through the regulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. In particular, ITCs induce the activity of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes [ 9 ] and sulforaphane stimulates the detoxification of electrophiles protecting against oxidative stress [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

“…Another example of antimicrobial compound comes from D. tenuifolia where erucin was found to be effective against pathogenic postharvest fungi [ 59 ]. Finally, other studies revealed that the constituents of both E. sativa and D. tenuifolia seeds act as fumigants against the stored-product insects O. surinamensis , R. dominica and S. oryzae [ 60 ].…”

Isolation and identification of floral attractants from a nectar plant for the dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae)

“…The control of A. obtectus using various chemical, biological, mechanical and cultural methods has met with varied success, and is still lacking a sensitive tool for the detection and monitoring of infestations. Also, the recent ban of methyl bromide, a broad‐spectrum fumigant, facilitated the search for alternatives in stored product pest management . The use of attractive semiochemicals (pheromones and other semiochemicals, e.g.…”