Abstract:Al and its alloys constitute one of the most versatile, economical, and attractive materials for a wide range of applications. The 7xxx and 2xxx series alloys achieve the highest mechanical strength among the aluminum alloys. In this investigation, powder metallurgy is used to characterize the microstructural and mechanical properties of a noncommercial Al6Cu5Zn alloy. Initial powder sizes are determined, and the best conditions are obtained for distribution between 75 and 106 μm. The samples are sintered at 5… Show more
“…In this HEA, the elements easier to melt are Al (660°C) and Cu (1085°C) as compared to other elemental constituents. Therefore, Al-Cu liquid phase sintering occurred during SPS and a considerable fraction of liquid phase below the melting temperature of Al favoured the liquid phase sintering [42]. However, increasing Cu to 0.5 mol% enhanced the growth of the AlCu-rich phase and promoted their segregation in the BCC matrix.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A noticeable reduction in hardness was found when Cu = 0.5% is added to AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe HEA. This can be attributed to the increase in grain boundaries of low melting AlCu-rich phases due to liquid phase sintering effects during SPS [42]. Figure 7 (a) Density and (b) microhardness of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.5 HEAs ( x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5 molar ratios).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As previously mentioned, the addition of Cu to AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x HEAs results in the segregation of alloying elements to form an L 21 and µ-phase, as Cu has a positive mixing enthalpy [42]. This leads to an increase in the theoretical and as-milled density of the HEAs.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Overall, the superior wear resistance of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.25 and AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.5 HEA/WC pairs can be attributed to their multiphase microstructures containing Al-, AlCu rich with harder IMCs and Laves phases in the BCC matrix. In contrast, the AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe HEA had a higher fraction of brittle IMCs and Laves without soft Al-, Cu-rich particles, which acted as scratching centres during reciprocating motion and wear out the tracks easily [31,42,46,49].…”
In this study, dry sliding wear of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) high-entropy alloy (HEA) produced through mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) was studied. The microstructure and phase evolution were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear behaviour of HEAs was assessed by reciprocating wear monitor under a dry air atmosphere. The findings demonstrated that AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x HEAs were multiphase body-centred cubic (BCC/B2) solid solution structured with complex µ-, L 21 , and Laves. It was discovered that the microhardness and wear behaviour of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x were comparable to AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe HEA after the addition of Cu up to 0.25 molar ratio. The maximum hardness of the AlCu 0-0.5 FeMnTiSi 0.75 HEAs reached around 1021-1035 HV. The tribology results show that an oxidative wear in AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe while the mixed adhesive-abrasive wear mechanism was prominent in the AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.25-0.5 HEAs.
“…In this HEA, the elements easier to melt are Al (660°C) and Cu (1085°C) as compared to other elemental constituents. Therefore, Al-Cu liquid phase sintering occurred during SPS and a considerable fraction of liquid phase below the melting temperature of Al favoured the liquid phase sintering [42]. However, increasing Cu to 0.5 mol% enhanced the growth of the AlCu-rich phase and promoted their segregation in the BCC matrix.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A noticeable reduction in hardness was found when Cu = 0.5% is added to AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe HEA. This can be attributed to the increase in grain boundaries of low melting AlCu-rich phases due to liquid phase sintering effects during SPS [42]. Figure 7 (a) Density and (b) microhardness of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.5 HEAs ( x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5 molar ratios).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As previously mentioned, the addition of Cu to AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x HEAs results in the segregation of alloying elements to form an L 21 and µ-phase, as Cu has a positive mixing enthalpy [42]. This leads to an increase in the theoretical and as-milled density of the HEAs.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Overall, the superior wear resistance of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.25 and AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.5 HEA/WC pairs can be attributed to their multiphase microstructures containing Al-, AlCu rich with harder IMCs and Laves phases in the BCC matrix. In contrast, the AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe HEA had a higher fraction of brittle IMCs and Laves without soft Al-, Cu-rich particles, which acted as scratching centres during reciprocating motion and wear out the tracks easily [31,42,46,49].…”
In this study, dry sliding wear of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) high-entropy alloy (HEA) produced through mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) was studied. The microstructure and phase evolution were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear behaviour of HEAs was assessed by reciprocating wear monitor under a dry air atmosphere. The findings demonstrated that AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x HEAs were multiphase body-centred cubic (BCC/B2) solid solution structured with complex µ-, L 21 , and Laves. It was discovered that the microhardness and wear behaviour of AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu x were comparable to AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe HEA after the addition of Cu up to 0.25 molar ratio. The maximum hardness of the AlCu 0-0.5 FeMnTiSi 0.75 HEAs reached around 1021-1035 HV. The tribology results show that an oxidative wear in AlSi 0.75 TiMnFe while the mixed adhesive-abrasive wear mechanism was prominent in the AlSi 0.75 TiMnFeCu 0.25-0.5 HEAs.
“…The use of lightweight materials in wheel production not only enhances visual appeal but also reduces stress on the suspension system, requiring less effort for maneuvering. Furthermore, it facilitates the smoother braking and acceleration of vehicles [2][3][4]. Investigations concerning Al-Si-based alloys are widely reported .…”
The aim of this investigation concerns evaluating the mechanical strength and microhardness values of A356 alloy samples in distinctive heat treatments, including those commonly applied to automotive wheels. It is recognized that A356 and Al-Si-based alloys exhibit considerable versatility across numerous industrial applications. The mechanical behavior obtained is intimately associated with different operational parameters (e.g., cooling rates, solution treatment, quenching, and artificial aging). In this study, a group of samples are quenched at 30, 60 and 80 °C. Another set is quenched and subsequently aged at three different temperatures, i.e., 180, 200, and 220 °C for 5 h, and mechanical responses are compared. Microstructural characterization, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, tensile testing, and microhardness measurements are carried out. Using the Rietveld data and based on the modified Williamson–Hall method, the microstrains, crystallite size, and dislocation densities are calculated. Based on this, the resulting mechanical strengths from distinctive quenching and aging are understood. It was found that there exists a “quasi-optimal range” of operational parameters involving different A356 alloy treatments, which vary depending on the manufacturing route. Considering A356 alloy wheels, the planning of the powder coat treatment before or after T6 treating provides better mechanical properties and ductility.
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