Alternative mating strategies in the water strider Gerris elongatus (Heteroptera, Gerridae)

Hayashi, Kooji

doi:10.1007/bf00295542

Cited by 68 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Optimization of gerrid mating systems is therefore only possible for the clade comprising these genera (Fig. 8) (Hayashi, 1985), and in Grris swakopensis StA (Nummelin, 1988). Type I + matings (as Type I with extended post-copulatory guarding) occurs in the Aquarius n a j , (De Geer) group (Sattler, 1957;Vepsdainen & Nummelin, 1985a;Murray & Giller, 1990) and in A. conformis (Uhler) (Fairbairn, 1990;Arnqvist, 1995).…”

Section: Optimkation Of Mating Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of sexual dimorphism and mating systems in water striders (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

Andersen

1997

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Conflicts over mating decisions characterize the sexual behaviour of many insects, in particular when males encounter females that already carry enough sperm to fertilize their eggs, since a mating often will inflict greater costs than benefits upon females. Therefore, coevolutionary models predict adaptation and counter‐adaptation by the sexes in a battle to control the outcome of sexual encounters. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on patterns of sexual dimorphism and mating systems within water striders (Hemiptera, Gerridae). Phylogenetic effects or ‘constraints’ have significantly shaped patterns of sexual dimorphism in female/ male size ratios, legs and genitalia of males, and the structure of the female abdomen. Males of ancestral gerrids were probably slightly smaller than conspecific females, had powerful fore legs adapted to grasp the female's thorax during mating, and had clasping genitalic structures suited to grasp or pinch the female posteriorly. Most gerrids have a female/male size ratio between 1.05 and 1.14, but more pronounced sexual size ratios (above 1.25) have independently evolved several times in the family, usually in association with extended post‐copulatory mate guarding. The comparative, phylogenetic analysis suggests coevolution of female anticlasper and male clasping devices for the clade comprising the subfamilies Cylindrostethinae, Ptilomerinae, and Halobatinae while female anticlasper devices have evolved in the absence of male clasping genitalia in the Gerrinae. The ancestral and most common mating system in gerrids is ‘scramble competition polygyny’ from which has evolved ‘resource defence polygyny’ at least four times independently of each other. The phylogenetic effects on patterns of mating behaviour are much less obvious, as exemplified by the large amount of interspecific variation in some genera.

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Section: Optimkation Of Mating Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of sexual dimorphism and mating systems in water striders (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

Andersen

1997

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…It is possible that the large male dominated the small male through chemical cues, as water could circulate in the tanks. A conditional strategy with alternative tactics dependent on the phenotypic characteristics has also been documented in many other animal groups, such as insects (Greenfield and Shelly 1985;Hayashi 1985), anurans (Howard 1984;Krupa 1989), and mammals (Koprowsky 1993). Our genetic assessment also shows that successful sneakers were able to fertilise up to 10% of the eggs, a proportion similar to that found in other species where the alternative tactics are supposed to be condition dependent, according to Martin and Taborsky (1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behaviour and success of sneaker males in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus

2001

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In this study we investigated in laboratory conditions the presence of alternative reproductive tactics in the sand goby and describe proximate factors affecting their expression and success. We describe the reciprocal interactions of resident males, females, and sneaking males. The pre-spawning phase proved to be important for successful nest intrusions by sneakers. The number of sneakers had no effect on the frequency of successful intrusions. When small males had exclusive access to nest sites, they built a nest and courted females, showing a full behavioural repertoire. The intensity of courtship was, however, strongly positively correlated with body size. Using microsatellite DNA markers we assessed paternity shares of territorial and sneaker males in a subset of all replicates. Following successful nest intrusion sneaker males fertilised 5-10% of the eggs. Our interpretation of the results is that sneaking in the sand goby is a conditional tactic, one that is less successful than the normal nest guarding behaviour, at least for one spawning event.

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“…Multiple matings, both in males and females, are found in several species of water striders (Hayashi 1985, Kaitala 1987, Arnqvist 1989, and are in G. odontogaster (Zetterstedt) females necessary for fertilizing all eggs (Arnqvist 1989). In water crickets, even though the remaining males will be the competitively strongest, their low number might prevent females from getting as many matings as would be necessary to fertilize all eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex ratio changes in the water cricket(Velia caprai) ‐why do males disappear?

Erlandsson

1993

Aquatic Insects

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To cite this article: Ann Erlandsson (1993) Sex ratio changes in the water cricket (Velia caprai) -why do males disappear?, Aquatic Insects, 15:1, 1-10,In the period between the last moult and winter diapause male Velia caprai Tamanini from the south of Sweden, which is in the northern part of the distribution, disappear leaving the sex ratio in the population strongly female dominated, a condition that remains throughout the forthcomig spring mating season. This male mortality is probably caused by females being superior competitors, weighing more as newly moulted adults, having a higher prey capture efficiency and increasing more and faster in weight than males. Results from field caught individuals show that males have significantly lower fat content than females in late autumn. Female dominated sex ratios in V. caprai only occur in northern populations which suggests that the harsher climate and food conditions might create more severe competition.A. ERLANDSSON,

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Alternative mating strategies in the water strider Gerris elongatus (Heteroptera, Gerridae)

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of sexual dimorphism and mating systems in water striders (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of sexual dimorphism and mating systems in water striders (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

Behaviour and success of sneaker males in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus

Sex ratio changes in the water cricket(Velia caprai) ‐why do males disappear?

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