Alternative methods of photodynamic therapy and oxygen consumption measurements—A review

Rational design of a meso phosphate-substituted pyronin as a type I photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

“…6,7 To address this issue, type I PDT has been proposed as an effective way to overcome the limitations of traditional type II PDT, which dominantly relies on O 2 consumption. [8][9][10][11] However, the type I PDT process is much harder to achieve in comparison with type II PDT. [12][13][14] The type I process involves a hydrogen-or/and electron-transfer process to generate PS radical anions, and subsequently transfers electrons to form O À 2 from 3 O 2 .…”

“…6,7 To address this issue, type I PDT has been proposed as an effective way to overcome the limitations of traditional type II PDT, which dominantly relies on O 2 consumption. 8–11…”

The Photosensitizer Temoporfin (mTHPC) – Chemical, Pre‐clinical and Clinical Developments in the Last Decade†‡

“…Therefore, the detection, measurement and modelling of singlet oxygen luminescence is an important approach to PDT dosimetry (6,(564)(565)(566)(567)(568). Singlet oxygen monitoring for dose-response studies in PDT is challenging because, as mentioned above, there is oxygen depletion during treatment; additionally, the oxygen concentrations in the tumor differ between different areas, e.g.…”

Host–Guest Interaction-Based Supramolecular Self-Assemblies for H2O2 Upregulation Augmented Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Induced Cancer Therapy

“…Recently, scientists found that the chemical energy could replace the light energy and be utilized as one new excited source. − The chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) method could activate the PSs in situ without light irradiation, overcoming the limitation of tissue penetration depth in PDT. − Specially, chemical energy was generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and peroxyoxalate derivatives, while the energy could be absorbed by surrounding PSs via the CRET pathway to directly generate 1 O 2 . For example, bis­[2,4,5-trichloro-6 (pentyloxycar-bonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO) could react with H 2 O 2 to realize the CRET-induced PDT. ,− However, it is worthy to note that some barriers might influence the CRET-induced PDT outcomes.…”