Alternative oxidase is involved in oxidative stress resistance and melanin synthesis in Annulohypoxylon stygium, a companion fungus of Tremella fuciformis

Li, Dongmei; Sun, Xueyan; Yan, Biyun; Ma, Aimin

doi:10.1007/s10482-021-01705-5

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…9 The sequencing analysis of AOX genes and proteins has also made some progress. Liu et al 28 showed that the DNA sequence of the Annulohypoxylon stygium AOX is 1320 nucleotides and involves three introns of 152, 54, and 58 nucleotides, respectively. The nucleotide composition of AsAOX is comprised of 1056 coding sequences, which in turn encode 351 amino acids.…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In-depth analysis of the conserved domains indicates that AsAOX protein is part of the ferritin-like superfamily, which facilitates dioxygen-dependent oxidation−hydroxylation reactions within di-iron centers. 28 Besides, in an investigation of the sequence analysis pertaining to the 5′-flanking region of the AOX gene in A. niger, a possible heat shock element (HSE), as well as a stress response element (STRE), which could contribute to stress response, were identified. 26 In regards to the catalytic activity of AOX across species, it has been demonstrated that the TAO displays the highest V max , followed by AOX in Arabidopsis thaliana and then AOX in S. guttatum.…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular weight of As AOX protein is 40.36 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point is 9.37 kDa. In-depth analysis of the conserved domains indicates that As AOX protein is part of the ferritin-like superfamily, which facilitates dioxygen-dependent oxidation–hydroxylation reactions within di-iron centers . Besides, in an investigation of the sequence analysis pertaining to the 5′-flanking region of the AOX gene in A. niger , a possible heat shock element (HSE), as well as a stress response element (STRE), which could contribute to stress response, were identified …”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In A. stygium , a companion fungus of Tremella fuciformis , AOX participates in oxidative stress tolerance and melanin synthesis. In A. stygium , AOX participates in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite …”

Section: Functions Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms play crucial roles in enabling AOX to effectively adapt to modifications in carbon and energy balance, which is especially noteworthy when facing abiotic stress conditions, like water deficit, high salinity, or temperature extremes. 25 Similarly, in fungi, expression levels of AOX genes were upregulated in cells responding to oxidative or osmotic pressures, 26 which suggests that AOX is involved in resistance to stressful conditions, 27 response to oxidative stress, 28 and in maintaining cellular homeostasis. 29 The isolation and expression of AOX proteins was critical for the study of AOX.…”

Section: Discovery Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Oxidase: From Molecule and Function to Future Inhibitors

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In the respiratory chain of the majority of aerobic organisms, the enzyme alternative oxidase (AOX) functions as the terminal oxidase and has important roles in maintaining metabolic and signaling homeostasis in mitochondria. AOX endows the respiratory system with flexibility in the coupling among the carbon metabolism pathway, electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and ATP turnover. AOX allows electrons to bypass the main cytochrome pathway to restrict the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The inhibition of AOX leads to oxidative damage and contributes to the loss of adaptability and viability in some pathogenic organisms. Although AOXs have recently been identified in several organisms, crystal structures and major functions still need to be explored. Recent work on the trypanosome alternative oxidase has provided a crystal structure of an AOX protein, which contributes to the structure−activity relationship of the inhibitors of AOX. Here, we review the current knowledge on the development, structure, and properties of AOXs, as well as their roles and mechanisms in plants, animals, algae, protists, fungi, and bacteria, with a special emphasis on the development of AOX inhibitors, which will improve the understanding of respiratory regulation in many organisms and provide references for subsequent studies of AOX-targeted inhibitors.

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Section: Structure and Properties Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Properties Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Properties Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discovery Of Aoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Oxidase: From Molecule and Function to Future Inhibitors

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Comprehensive investigations of 2-phenylethanol production by the filamentous fungus Annulohypoxylon stygium

Tong,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an aromatic compound with a rose-like fragrance that is widely used in food and other industries. Yeasts have been implicated in the biosynthesis of 2-PE; however, few studies have reported the involvement of filamentous fungi. In this study, 2-PE was detected in Annulohypoxylon stygium mycelia grown in both potato dextrose broth (PDB) and sawdust medium. Among the 27 A. stygium strains investigated in this study, the strain “Jinjiling” (strain S20) showed the highest production of 2-PE. Under optimal culture conditions, the concentration of 2-PE was 2.33 g/L. Each of the key genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shikimate and Ehrlich pathways was found to have homologous genes in A. stygium. Upon the addition of L-phenylalanine to the medium, there was an upregulation of all key genes in the Ehrlich pathway of A. stygium, which was consistent with that of S. cerevisiae. A. stygium as an associated fungus provides nutrition for the growth of Tremella fuciformis and most spent composts of T. fuciformis contain pure A. stygium mycelium. Our study on the high-efficiency biosynthesis of 2-PE in A. stygium offers a sustainable solution by utilizing the spent compost of T. fuciformis and provides an alternative option for the production of natural 2-PE. Key points • Annulohypoxylon stygium can produce high concentration of 2-phenylethanol. • The pathways of 2-PE biosynthesis in Annulohypoxylon stygium were analyzed. • Spent compost of Tremella fuciformis is a potential source for 2-phenylethanol.

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Melanin of fungi: from classification to application

Liu

Meng

et al. 2022

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Alternative oxidase is involved in oxidative stress resistance and melanin synthesis in Annulohypoxylon stygium, a companion fungus of Tremella fuciformis

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Alternative Oxidase: From Molecule and Function to Future Inhibitors

Alternative Oxidase: From Molecule and Function to Future Inhibitors

Comprehensive investigations of 2-phenylethanol production by the filamentous fungus Annulohypoxylon stygium

Melanin of fungi: from classification to application

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