Alternative Uses of Phonemic Information in Spelling

Spelling?A task analysis

“…An operational program, SPEL (Simon and Simon, 1973), takes as its input a coded phonemic string and produces a spelling -more or less correct depending on how much information it has in memory. Although rudimentary, this program has proved useful in understanding the spelling process and the way in which many common spelling errors occur.…”

“…However, by using an "information processing" rather than a "systems processing" approach it is possible to analyze, as we do below, a particular kind of spelling task in terms of quite precise information and processing requirements for performance. The present model is based on principles embodied in a computer simulation previously reported (Simon and Simon, 1973); it proposes an expanded program that accounts for many more kinds of student error than was possible with the original program. The program as described here is not yet operational; more will be said about implementation later.…”

Does a Reading Lexicon Provide Orthographic Representations for Spelling?

“…This single-lexicon view is consistent with the moderate to high correlation between reading and spelling tests commonly observed in children (cf. Frith, 1980), and it is commonly advanced in theories of reading acquisition (e.g., Ehri, 1986;Perfetti, 1992) and spelling processes (Simon & Simon, 1973;Templeton, 1991). Children and adults who read effectively and frequently have many opportunities to learn to spell familiar and unfamiliar words, and the importance of reading in attaining proficiency in spelling has been suggested by many developmental researchers (Bradley & Bryant, 1985;Bryant & Bradley, 1980;Cataldo & Ellis, 1988;Ehri, 1986;Frith, 1980;Jorm, 1983;Perfetti, 1992;Smith, 1982).…”

Spelling Research and Practice: A Unified Approach

“…One, a person could use intrinsic strate-gies to determine a "possible" correct sequence of soundsymbol associations. These strategies include direct phonemic spelling, the generate-and-test process, and morphemic information (Simon & Simon, 1973). In direct phonemic spelling, students apply their knowledge of phoneme-letter associations and phonemic rules to produce a phonetic spelling of the word.…”