Alternative Views of Crime: Legislative Policymaking in Gendered Terms

Moving Beyond Numbers: What Female Judges Say about Different Judicial Voices

“…The limitations of prior research on gender and case outcomes may reveal more about the weaknesses of the data and methodology employed in these studies, than resolve the debate about whether or not a judge's gender might affect decision-making. For example, Kathlene (1995) stated that male and female voting decisions cannot adequately apply Gilligan's notions of the ethics of care and justice ''unless the research also examines…content'' (p. 697-698). The lack of a gender effect may result from the small number of female judges sitting when studies were conducted in the 1970s and 1980s; as more women ascend the bench, tokenism will be replaced by critical mass that may exert a stronger gender effect (Martin and Pyle 2005).…”

Gender, Guns, and Legislating: An Analysis of State Legislative Policy Preferences

“…The gender literature might lead one to expect that gender differences would manifest themselves across a variety of issues because of a "unique female perspective". For example, Kathlene (1995), in a study of Colorado state legislators during the 1989 session, found that female legislators tended to view criminals as a product of their circumstances, whereas male legislators tended to focus on individual responsibility. These gender differences in conceptualization of criminals led to different policy solutions.…”

Do Women and Men in Congress Cultivate Different Images? Evidence from Congressional Web Sites

“…Other researchers have extended the point to argue that women not only vote differently than men but also approach the job of legislating differently than men (Kathlene, 1989(Kathlene, , 1994(Kathlene, , 1995Rosenthal, 1997). Women conceptualize issues differently, define problems differently, and speak of political issues differently than their male colleagues (Kathlene, 1989(Kathlene, , 1995. Further, their different orientation toward political power means that women leaders are less likely to stifle their legislative opponents and more likely to place an emphasis on reaching consensus (Kathlene, 1994;Rosenthal, 1997).…”

“…Other researchers have extended the point to argue that women not only vote differently than men but also approach the job of legislating differently than men (Kathlene, 1989(Kathlene, , 1994(Kathlene, , 1995Rosenthal, 1997). Women conceptualize issues differently, define problems differently, and speak of political issues differently than their male colleagues (Kathlene, 1989(Kathlene, , 1995.…”