Alternative Ways of Cooling a Passive School Building in Order to Maintain Thermal Comfort in Summer

Self Cite

Thermal environment in sports facilities is probably one of the most important parameters, determining the safety and performance of athletes. Such facilities, due to the required operating temperature and physical activity of users, are a serious challenge for both investors and administrators, especially in summer. The additional criterion of low energy consumption in extremely airtight and well-insulated passive buildings often results in overheating of the interior, creating considerable economic and operational problems. The significant need to reduce solar gain during periods of high outdoor temperatures for low-energy buildings prompts a variety of design solutions. Sun shading systems, as an indispensable element of glazed surfaces, are designed to control the amount of solar radiation reaching the building interior, at the same time creating a favorable microclimate inside. This article analyzes the effects of sun shading, which have actually been applied and modified on the southern façade of a passive sports hall in Słomniki. Measurements of the thermal conditions in the hall were the starting point, on the basis of which a model of the object was created in the DesignBuilder program. Using simulation analyses, thermal conditions arising with the use of different variants of internal and external shading devices were studied in the program. The results presented in the article show that in a well-insulated hall of large volume, appropriately selected external shading devices are only able to reduce the access of sunlight to the rooms. External brise-soleils are able to limit the access of solar radiation to the rooms by up to 30%, but this is not enough to guarantee internal thermal comfort. Internal blinds do not affect the interior microclimate significantly and do not protect protection from overheating. Momentary differences in PMV values for different patterns of closing the blinds do not exceed 0.2.

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Solar Shading Devices to Improve Thermal Comfort in a Sports Hall

Dudzińska

2021

Self Cite

“…Number of Hours with −0.5 < PMV < +0. In modelling the hall, it was determined that the minimum required fresh air flow per player is 30 m 3 /h [45]. For 50 people playing, an air exchange of 1.500 m 3 /h will meet the hygienic needs of the users.…”

Section: Construction Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Material Solutions and a Passive Sports Hall’s Use on Thermal Comfort

Dudzińska,

Kisilewicz,

Panasiuk

2023

Self Cite

High outdoor temperatures and thermal gains due to solar radiation, which penetrates the interior of buildings as the climate warms up, pose a major challenge to maintaining thermal comfort in passive sports facilities. Superbly insulated and airtight envelopes, specific microclimatic requirements and very high user activity can easily lead to overheating and thermal imbalance during summer. This paper focuses on the influence of the varying thermal capacity of external walls and night-time cooling on thermal comfort in a passive sports hall building. Based on experimental studies of the thermal conditions in the building, a model of it was created in Design Builder. Through simulation, the program initially analysed the thermal conditions that arise under different envelope assemblies. Two different ways of cooling the building at night were then analysed: mechanical and natural. The results presented showed that in a well-insulated sports hall with a large volume, the type of wall material alone had only a limited influence on thermal comfort in summer. In contrast, night-time cooling in integration with the accumulation of cold in the building’s structural components had a significant impact on protection against overheating during the summer. The type of envelope material is even more important when night-time air exchange is high. Intensive natural ventilation is associated with the highest number of hours in the comfort range—28.1–32.4% more hours in relation to the variant without night ventilation. The use of mechanical ventilation, operating at night at maximum capacity, will result in an increase in the number of hours with air temperatures in the −0.5 < PMV < +0.5 range by only 14.1–21.3%. The high thermal mass of the envelope, combined with adequate ventilation, reduces the occurrence of very high indoor air temperatures, thus alleviating the nuisance of overheating. The maximum internal air temperature during the day is lower by 2.4–3.3 K, compared to the case when no night ventilation is used. Mechanical ventilation operating at its maximum capacity can reduce the maximum internal temperature by 1.2–1.6 K.

“…In [24,[30][31][32][33][34][35], the problem of overheating in passive houses was stressed. In [34], it was found out that the overheating hours are often underestimated in the energy model because of overestimating design infiltration and ventilation rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was proposed to improve the airflow modeling thanks to coupling thethermal and airflow network models to carry out overheating analysis. In [35], a new, easy-to-apply tool allowing the assessment of the microclimate conditions in a passive building was presented, which points out the hours of inconvenience. Moreover, some alternative solutions which allow to obtain the desired microclimate conditions in a passive school were presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Risk Management in Passive Buildings Projects

Krechowicz

Piotrowski²

2021

Nowadays, we can observe a growing interest in passive buildings due to global climate change, environmental concerns, and growing energy costs. However, developing a passive building is associated with meeting many Passive House requirements, which results in their increased complexity as well as many challenges and risks which could threaten the successful completion of the project. Risk management is a key tool enabling meeting today’s challenging passive house project’s demands connected with quality, costs, deadlines, and legal issues. In this paper, a new model of risk management dedicated for passive buildings based is proposed, in which a novel Fuzzy Fault Tree integrated with risk response matrix was developed. We proposed 171 risk remediation strategies for all 16 recognized risks in passive buildings projects. We show how to apply the proposed model in practice on one passive building example. Thanks to applying the proposed risk management model an effective reduction of the risks of the basic event is enabled, leading to a significant reduction of the top event risk. The proposed model is useful for architects, installation designers, contractors, and owners who are willing to develop attainable and successful passive buildings projects that benefit all stakeholders.