Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective.

E.N., Rosskopf; Chellemi, D. O.; Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Church, Greg

doi:10.1094/apsnetfeature/2005-0605

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Ethanedinitrile (C 2 N 2 ; EDN) was initially studied for its efficacy to control insects, fungi, nematodes and rodents in stored grains and timber and wood packaging materials . Preliminary research revealed that EDN used as a soil fumigant exhibited efficacy against soil‐borne fungi, plant‐parasitic nematodes and weeds . Compared with MB (boiling point 3.5 °C; vapor pressure 1.42 × 10 3 mmHg at 20 °C), EDN (boiling point −21 °C; vapor pressure 3.9 × 10 3 mmHg at 21 °C) has a lower boiling point but higher vapor pressure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production

Baggio

Boyd

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Ethanedinitrile (EDN) has shown promising efficacy against weeds, plant‐parasitic nematodes and soil‐borne pathogens. Field experiments were conducted for three strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa D.) seasons in Balm and Dover, FL, USA to evaluate the control efficacy of EDN applied through drip tape on various weed species and the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot of strawberry. RESULTS Results revealed that 224, 336, 448 or 560 kg ha−1 EDN, and 104 kg ha−1 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) + 176 kg ha−1 chloropicrin (Pic) applied through drip tapes under totally impermeable film were safe for strawberry production, with no adverse effect on strawberry growth and yield. EDN rates at 224, 336, 448 and 560 kg ha−1 were highly efficacious and equally effective in reducing purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in two of three growing seasons. Compared with the efficacy on purple nutsedge, the evaluated EDN rates were generally less effective on various broadleaf and grass weeds emerging on the bare ground and planting holes, but at 560 kg ha−1 consistently exhibited similar levels of control as 1,3‐D + Pic. For M. phaseolina, the evaluated EDN rates were more efficacious than 1,3‐D + Pic and significantly reduced inoculum buried in different bed locations in plastic‐mulched beds. CONCLUSION EDN has potential to be an efficacious tool for soil disinfestation and weed control in plasticulture strawberry production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production

Baggio

Boyd

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…[1,2] Through critical use exemptions (CUE), however, MBr still can be used in agriculture for soil fumigation and postharvest uses. [3,4] Exemptions were granted only when certain criteria were met that included a criterion: "the applicant had taken all feasible steps to minimize their use of MBr and the associated emissions." [3] For 2005, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) authorized 35% of the U.S. 1991 baseline for CUE or 9,445 metric tonnes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,4] Exemptions were granted only when certain criteria were met that included a criterion: "the applicant had taken all feasible steps to minimize their use of MBr and the associated emissions." [3] For 2005, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) authorized 35% of the U.S. 1991 baseline for CUE or 9,445 metric tonnes. [3,5] UNEP authorized 32% or 8,075 metric tonnes and 29% or 7,318 metric tonnes for the U.S. baseline for 2006 and 2007 CUE, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] For 2005, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) authorized 35% of the U.S. 1991 baseline for CUE or 9,445 metric tonnes. [3,5] UNEP authorized 32% or 8,075 metric tonnes and 29% or 7,318 metric tonnes for the U.S. baseline for 2006 and 2007 CUE, respectively. [6] For production of MBr-dependent crops such as strawberry and tomato, it has been a general practice that after injection of MBr to field plots at 25-35 cm depth, the plots are immediately covered with polyethylene film (PE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emissions and distribution of methyl bromide in field beds applied at two rates and covered with two types of plastic mulches

Thomas

Allen

et al. 2007

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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A field experiment was conducted to compare two plastic mulches and two application rates on surface emissions and subsurface distribution of methyl bromide (MBr) in field beds in Florida. Within 30 minutes after injection of MBr to 30 cm depth, MBr had diffused upward to soil surface in all beds covered with polyethylene film (PE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF) and applied at a high rate (392 kg/ha) and a low rate (196 kg/ha). Due to the highly permeable nature of PE, within 30 minutes after injection, MBr volatilized from the bed surfaces of the two PE-covered beds into the atmosphere. The amount of volatilization was greater for the high rate-treatment bed. On the other hand, volatilization of MBr from the bed surfaces of the two VIF-covered beds were negligible. Volatilization losses occurred from the edges of all the beds covered with PE or VIF and were greater from the high rate-treatment beds. Initial vertical diffusion of MBr in the subsurface of the beds covered with PE or VIF was mainly upward, as large concentrations of MBr were detected from near bed surfaces to 20 cm depth in these beds 30 minutes after injection and little or no MBr was found at 40 cm depth. The two VIF-covered beds exhibited greater MBr concentrations and longer resident times in the root zone (0.5-40 cm depth) than corresponding PE-covered beds. Concentrations of MBr in the root zone of the high rate-treatment beds were 3.6-6.1 times larger than the low rate-treatment beds during the first days after application. In conclusion, VIF promoted retention of MBr in the root zone and, if volatilization loss from bed edges can be blocked, volatilization loss from VIF-covered beds should be negligible.

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“…This nematode reduces yield both directly by the second-stage juveniles (J2) infecting and siphoning off nutrients from infected plants and indirectly by creating wound sites that facilitate secondary fungal infection (Liu, et al, 1997;Wrather et al, 1997). Chemical nematicides as part of conventional management approaches are the most efficient in controlling this pest, but many of these fumigants and chemical compounds have been banned because of their toxic effects on the environment and human health (Rosskopf et al, 2005). Alternatives that are more environmentally friendly include the use of natural antagonists for the suppression of SCN (Zhang et al, 2008a(Zhang et al, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Population dynamics and biocontrol efficacy of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella minnesotensis in pot assay

Liu

Zhu

Hamid

et al. 2016

Nematol

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Monitoring the population dynamics of a biocontrol agent and its target pest in soil is fundamental to the understanding of the mechanisms of biocontrol. In this study, the population dynamics and the control efficacy ofHirsutella minnesotensisagainst soybean cyst nematode (SCN)Heterodera glycineswas studied using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy and bioassay in sterilised soil. The qPCR test revealed that the amount of DNA was 1.12 × 107fg (g soil)−1after inoculation, subsequently decreased rapidly until 28 days (1.34 × 104-1.51 × 104fg (g soil)−1), then remained constant in SCN-free soil. While it decreased rapidly up to 14 days (around 1.40 × 104fg (g soil)−1), it then varied with the population changes of SCN over time. The amount ofH. minnesotensisDNA was highest in the rhizosphere soil with bothH. minnesotensisand SCN incubation. The percentage of nematodes parasitised was positively correlated with the amount ofH. minnesotensisDNA in soil with soybean. Microscopic observations indicated thatH. minnesotensiscould colonise the surface of soybean roots. In addition,H. minnesotensisinoculation significantly improved the biomass of soybean. Therefore, the rhizosphere colonisation, relationship between SCN parasitism and fungal density, and growth promotion of soybean supportH. minnesotensisas a potential biocontrol agent.

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Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective.

Cited by 53 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production

Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production

Emissions and distribution of methyl bromide in field beds applied at two rates and covered with two types of plastic mulches

Population dynamics and biocontrol efficacy of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella minnesotensis in pot assay

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