Alteromonas fortis sp. nov., a non-flagellated bacterium specialized in the degradation of iota-carrageenan, and emended description of the genus Alteromonas

Abstract

Strain 1 T , isolated in the seventies from the thallus of the carrageenophytic red algae Eucheuma spinosum collected in Hawaii, USA, was retrospectively characterized using phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic methods. Bacterial cells were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped, and grew at 10-42 °C (optimum 20-25 °C), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 6-9) and with 2-12 % NaCl (optimum 2-4 %). Strain 1 T grew on the seaweed polysaccharides i-carrageenan, laminarin and alginic acid as sole carbon sources. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16:0, C18:1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16:1w7c and/or iso-C15:0 2OH) and significant amounts of C16:0 N alcohol (6.7 %) and 10 methyl C17:0 (8.6 %) were also present. The only respiratory quinone was Q-8, and major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminolipid. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the bacterium is affiliated to the genus Alteromonas (family Alteromonadaceae, class Gammaproteobacteria). Strain 1 T exhibits 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.8-99.2 % to the type strains of Alteromonas mediterranea and Alteromonas australica respectively, and of 95.7-98.6 % to those of the other species of the genus Alteromonas. The DNA G+C content of strain 1 T is 43.9 mol%. Based on the genome sequence of strain 1 T , DNA-DNA hybridization predictions by the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculations (GGDC) between strain 1 T and other members of the genus Alteromonas showed values of 70-80 %, and below 26 %, respectively. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses show that strain 1 T is distinct from species of the genus Alteromonas with validly published names and that it represents a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas fortis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1 T (= ATCC 43554 T = CIP XXXX).

Alteromonas ponticola sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from seawater

“…[13]. The predominant isoprenoid quinone detected in MYP5 T was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), which is consistent with that identified in other members of the genus Alteromonas [4, 9, 13, 15]. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids in all growth phases) found in MYP5 T were C 18 : 1 ω7 c , summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω7 c and/or C 16 : 1 ω6 c ), C 16 : 0 and 10-methyl C 17 : 0 ().…”

“…de/ genus/ alteromonas [2]). Members of the genus Alteromonas have been isolated from a variety of marine environments, marine organisms and water from between the ocean and a freshwater spring [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Recently, in the course of screening of novel bacteria from seawater around Seonggsan, which is located in Jeju island on the South Sea off the Korean peninsula and a tuff cone designated as World Natural Heritage by UNESCO, many bacterial strains have been isolated and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.…”

Ningiella ruwaisensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Alteromonadaceae isolated from marine water of the Arabian Gulf

“…The association of Planctobacterium marinum with Aestuariibacter species was unexpected, as in the original publication of this organism it formed an independent lineage [20] although it confirmed a recent study by Barbeyron et al . [49].…”

Alteromonas portus sp. nov., an alginate lyase-excreting marine bacterium

“…Especially, marine bacteria have been reported to degrade alginate and become one of the most important sources of alginate lyases, for instance, Alteromonas , Microbulbifer , Vibrio , Bacillus , Pseudoalteromonas , Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium [2, 3]. Members of the genus Alteromonas are widespread inhabitants of marine environments, and have diverse biological activities, such being antibiotic-producing [4, 5], polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-producing [6], polysaccharide-degrading [7, 8] and polysaccharide-producing [9, 10]. The genus Alteromonas was originally proposed by Baumann et al [11, 12] for a rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, halophilic, polarly flagellated bacteria allocated to the class Gammaproteobacteria, with Alteromonas macleodii as the type species.…”