Altitudinal Distribution of Meltwater and Its Effects on Glacio‐Hydrology in Glacierized Catchments, Central Asia

Shafeeque, Muhammad; Luo, Yi; Wang, Xiaolei; Sun, Lin

doi:10.1111/1752-1688.12805

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In this study, due to the lack of glacier type information in the SWAT land use database, the area of glaciers in study area was reclassified as water body areas. The Glacier-Enhanced SWAT Model [48] can describe the glacier-related change in surface runoff for detail, although the contribution of glacier and permafrost change to Lake Qinghai is less than 1% [20,44].…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysis Of the Swat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Water Volume in Lake Qinghai, China

et al. 2021

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Lake Qinghai has shrunk and then expanded over the past few decades. Quantifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to lake variation is important for water resource management and adaptation to climate change. In this study, we calculated the water volume change of Lake Qinghai, analyzed the climate and land use changes in Lake Qinghai catchment, and distinguished the contributions of climate change and local human activities to water volume change. The results showed that lake water volume decreased by 9.48 km3 from 1975 to 2004 and increased by 15.18 km3 from 2005 to 2020. The climate in Lake Qinghai catchment is becoming warmer and more pluvial, and the changes in land use have been minimal. Based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), land use change, climate change and interaction effect of them contributed to 7.46%, 93.13% and −0.59%, respectively, on the variation in surface runoff into the lake. From the perspective of the water balance, we calculated the proportion of each component flowing into and out of the lake and found that the contribution of climate change to lake water volume change was 97.55%, while the local human activities contribution was only 2.45%. Thus, climate change had the dominant impact on water volume change in Lake Qinghai.

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Section: Uncertainty Analysis Of the Swat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Water Volume in Lake Qinghai, China

et al. 2021

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“…The Amu Darya and Syr Darya are the two largest rivers which flow into the Aral Sea. Meltwater from Tien Shan, Pamir, and Karakorum Mountains is the main source of river water in the area (Shafeeque et al 2020). Surface water is the main source of irrigation water in Central Asia, accounting for 82%-99.8% (average of 92.6%) of the sources in the region (FAO 2013).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Water Flows in Internal and External Agricultural Product Trade in Central Asia

Zhou

Han

et al. 2021

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Central Asia exports large amounts of virtual water through agricultural trade, a key factor for overexploitation of water resources in the region. Most studies analyze Central Asia’s virtual water outflows to the outside world, while ignore the agricultural trade within the region and the varying impacts of virtual water flows on the individual countries. In this study, the changes in virtual water flows embedded in trade with outside regions (external) and Central Asia countries (internal) were analyzed for the period 2000–2018 for wheat, cotton, and livestock. The results show that while Central Asia exported, respectively, 194.3 and 101.8 km3 of virtual water to the outside world through cotton and wheat trade, it imported 53.7 km3 of virtual water via livestock trade. Also, while cotton‐based virtual water outflows decreased, wheat‐based virtual water outflows increased. Total virtual water flows in internal trade reached 71.2 km3, with flow originating mainly from Kazakhstan and heading to other four countries through wheat trade.Kazakhstan was the largest net exporter of virtual water through wheat trade, Uzbekistan was the second‐largest net exporter through cotton trade. Green water (precipitation water used by crops) was dominant in virtual water flow related to wheat and blue water (surface water or groundwater used by crops) was dominant in virtual water flow related to cotton. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan were most directly influenced by the virtual water trade.

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“…The The underestimated precipitation may be compensated with other water balance components, e.g., evapotranspiration, snow, or glacier melt (Ragettli and Pellicciotti, 2012;Schaefli, 2005;Shafeeque et al, 2019). A false calibration parameter set would enhance the simulated meltwater to reduce the BIAS between simulated and observed runoff (Ragettli and Pellicciotti, 2012;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Ability To Investigate the Rational Output Of Simulated Hydrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stored precipitation in solid-state moves with glacier and may melt at its lower end with time delay over the years (Cuffey and Paterson, 2010). The meltwater goes into streamflow as an additional water source (Shafeeque et al, 2019). The state change of precipitation icemeltwater can only be evaluated through the glacio-hydrological simulations, which is usually a complicated task to do.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Tri-Approach for Diagnosing Gridded Precipitation Datasets for Watershed Glacio-Hydrological Simulation in Mountain Regions

Shafeeque

Luo

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. In mountain regions, validation and local correction of gridded precipitation datasets (GPDs) are pre-requisites for glacio-hydrological simulations. However, insufficient observed data and glacial involvement make it a complicated task in glacierized watersheds. To diagnose the potential problems in GPDs from multiple perspectives and provide directions for their correction, a Tri-approach framework, consisting of statistical analysis, physical diagnosis, and practical simulation, is proposed. Truc-Budyko theory is introduced into this framework, which can identify the actual under- or over-estimation of GPDs based on watershed water-energy balance, diagnose their possible causes, and provide directions for local correction. This framework was applied to the glacierized Upper Indus Basin (UIB) for evaluating GPDs, including APHRODITE, CFSR, PGMFD, TRMM, and HAR, against adjusted observed precipitation (OBS), specific runoff, and glacier mass balance over varying periods during 1951–2017. The Spatial Processes in HYdrology (SPHY) model was used to simulate the hydrology and glacier changes (2001–2007). The results suggest that (a) patterns of inter- and intra-annual variations of OBS precipitation were better captured by APHRODITE (CC > 0.6), but it was underestimated (−40 %), (b) UIB was characterized as Leaky catchment based on overestimated CFSR (106 %) and HAR (77 %), indicating positive glacier storage changes (0.37 and 0.21 m w.e. yr−1, respectively). In contrast, UIB was characterized as Gaining watershed for remaining underestimated datasets, indicating negative storage changes (−0.42 to −0.34 m w.e. yr−1). (c) For constant mass balance, the simulated runoff was overestimated in SPHY_CFSR (66 %) and SPHY_HAR (53 %), whereas it was underestimated for SPHY_APHRODITE (−41 %), SPHY_PGMFD (−26 %), and SPHY_TRMM (−33 %). It highlights that evaluated GPDs could not generally meet the requirements of the rational output of glacier mass balance and streamflow concurrently. The physical diagnosis directs local correction based on under- and over-estimation. The practical simulation explores the extent of expected uncertainties in intra/inter-annual characteristics of glacio-hydrology.

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Altitudinal Distribution of Meltwater and Its Effects on Glacio‐Hydrology in Glacierized Catchments, Central Asia

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

Quantifying the Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Water Volume in Lake Qinghai, China

Quantifying the Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Water Volume in Lake Qinghai, China

Virtual Water Flows in Internal and External Agricultural Product Trade in Central Asia

A Tri-Approach for Diagnosing Gridded Precipitation Datasets for Watershed Glacio-Hydrological Simulation in Mountain Regions

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