Altona – ein Zentrum der Aufklärung am Rande des dänischen Gesamtstaats

Kopitzsch, Franklin

doi:10.1515/9783110942460.91

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Situated near the mouth of the Elbe River, just inland from the North Sea, both the independent Germany city-state Hamburg with a population approaching 120,000 and to its north, Danish Altona, population 24,000, depended on trade, not only with their neighbors but overseas. 8 Diplomatically nimble by necessity, the neutral port cities adjusted more quickly to wars and revolutions than did their larger neighbors entangled in alliances and burdened with armies deployed across the continent. As independent as cities could be in early modern Europe, the two ports located at an economic crossroads took in ideas from all directions.…”

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confidence: 99%

A “Whirlpool of Gain”

Polasky

2022

Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques

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The thousands of aristocratic emigrants from revolutionary France who found asylum in the independent German city city-state of Hamburg and the neighboring Danish city of Altona were not the only immigrants arriving in the neutral ports. Alongside these flamboyant newcomers, merchants, scholars, artisans, and others continued, as they had for decades, to come in pursuit of the economic opportunities denied them at home. With harbors on the Elbe River just downstream from the North Sea, the two cosmopolitan port cities flourished as wars and revolution roiled the rest of Europe. Diplomatically neutral and open to trade, these two cities opened their doors to newcomers from around the world. Over the decade, the aristocrats, who thought themselves cosmopolitan, tested their welcome in the prosperous ports with no native nobility. While most of the newcomers assimilated readily, contributing to the ports’ prosperity, the aristocrats left to reclaim what remained of their estates.

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A “Whirlpool of Gain”

Polasky

2022

Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques

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“…Because of this, the city fathers of Hamburg were forced to exercise a greater tolerance for reasons of economic competition. 39 Even though the ardently pious King Christian VI likely remained unaware of Schmidt's presence in his lands, by continuing traditional Danish policy toward Altona he just as surely provided Schmidt with protection.…”

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Noble Patrons and Religious Innovators in 18th-Century Germany: The Case of Johann Lorenz Schmidt

Spalding

1996

Church Hist

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Imperial law strictly prohibited religious novelty in eighteenth-century Germany. The Westphalian Peace accords of 1648, which served as the constitutional framework for the German empire until Napoleon, banned all public expression objectionable to the three sanctioned churches: the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist or Reformed. Various ordinances applied the Westphalian definitions broadly, but the jurisdictional quilt of the empire frustrated implementation. In particular, noble patrons could enable a writer accused of spreading heterodox, antichurch, or even anti-Christian views to remain active and influential.

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Joel Barlow in Denmark: American Republicanism and the Republic of Translations in Continental Europe in the Revolutionary 1790s

Von Eggers

2024

Global Intellectual History

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Altona – ein Zentrum der Aufklärung am Rande des dänischen Gesamtstaats

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A “Whirlpool of Gain”

A “Whirlpool of Gain”

Noble Patrons and Religious Innovators in 18th-Century Germany: The Case of Johann Lorenz Schmidt

Joel Barlow in Denmark: American Republicanism and the Republic of Translations in Continental Europe in the Revolutionary 1790s

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