Alum Treated Grey Water for Toilet Flushing, Mopping and Laundry Work

Abstract

The paper presents the study carried out in a peri urban settlement of Nairobi Kenya and involved treatment of raw grey water generated from bathroom, kitchen and laundry for flushing toilet and laundry work. The study utilized both chemical and physical treatment. The chemical treatment involved alum addition in the raw grey water and pH adjustment using bicarbonate salts. The physical treatment involved filtration using Quartz sand and filtration of pH adjusted treated grey water using filter paper. The major ions studied were ions which could interfere with lathering of soaps or could cause stains on clothes and toilet fixtures or could be potentially health hazardous. These ions were Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Pb and Hg. The levels of these ions in raw grey water and in treated grey water were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results for the levels of these ions before treatment were compared to the set standards for potable water by Kenya Bureau of Standards [1]. The levels of these ions in the treated grey water after adjusting the pH were found to be within the Maximum Contaminant Limits (MCL) set by KEBS [1]. Thus the overall treatment of the raw grey water produced water of good quality which complied with the set standards for potable water by KEBS [1]. The results of this treatment could contribute immensely in the fulfillment of the millennium development goals.

Effect of coagulant in greywater treatment for reuse: selection of optimal coagulation condition using Analytic Hierarchy Process

“…Could not satisfy referred reuse standards Bench scale study Useful for less stringent standards for reuse pH adjusted to chosen value (4.5, 6 and 7) after dosing the alum Treatment using coagulation and magnetic ion exchange resin Skudi et al [12] Tested bath, kitchen, laundry greywater…”

Greywater Treatment Technologies

“…The untreated dim water having abnormal state of metal particle contaminants, the pH changed alum. Quartz sand filtration of alum treated dark water the level of some particle the contaminants expanded [24].…”

“…The water is dealt with by alum filtration through a glass segment with medium measured quartz sand and cotton fleece plunged at the base [24]. The alum is included with crude water responds with bicarbonate alkalinities the floc draws in fine molecule and suspended molecule…”