Aluminium Scandium Alloys

Dorin, Thomas; Mariappan, R.; Vahid, Alireza; Langan, Timothy

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102063-0.00012-6

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 303 publications

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“…Scandium is one of the best modifiers of the cast grain structure; the addition of zirconium enhances and stabilizes the effect of scandium. Strengthening occurs as a result of artificial aging by the formation of nanosized Al 3 Sc precipitates at the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution at a sufficiently high (>100 • C/s) crystallization rates [15,16]. The solid solution of scandium in aluminum is unstable, and decomposes at the temperature of 250 • C [15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strengthening occurs as a result of artificial aging by the formation of nanosized Al 3 Sc precipitates at the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution at a sufficiently high (>100 • C/s) crystallization rates [15,16]. The solid solution of scandium in aluminum is unstable, and decomposes at the temperature of 250 • C [15,17]. The best level of mechanical properties is achieved due to the formation of Al 3 Sc precipitates with sizes of 2-6 nm in diameter at temperatures between 250 • C and 400 • C [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-Mg Alloy with the Addition of Scandium and Zirconium

Ponomareva¹,

Пономарев²,

Kisarev³

et al. 2021

Materials

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The proposed paper considers the opportunity of expanding the application area of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) method by means of increasing the strength properties of deposited material, due to the implementation of aluminum wire with the addition of scandium and zirconium. For the experimental research, the welding wire 1575 of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr system containing 0.23% Sc and 0.19% Zr was selected. The optimal welding parameters, ensuring the defect-free formation of deposited material with low heat input, were used. Porosity level was estimated. The thermal state was estimated by finite element simulation. Simulated thermal state was verified by comparison with thermocouples data. Post-heat treatment parameters that lead to maximum strength with good plasticity were determined. The maximum yield strength (YS) of 268 MPa and ultimate strength (UTS) of 403 MPa were obtained, while the plasticity was determined at least 16.0% in all WAAM specimens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-Mg Alloy with the Addition of Scandium and Zirconium

Ponomareva¹,

Пономарев²,

Kisarev³

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…Sc-containing alloys have been proven to be attractive materials [ 22 ]. Scandium has a significant influence on the structure on the structure and properties of aluminum-based alloys; namely, it affects the formation of grain structure, suppresses recrystallization processes and is a strong hardener of aluminum alloys [ 1 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Scandium, contained in aluminum alloys, improves their physic-chemical properties owing to the fine-grained structure formation [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Scandium on the Composition and Structure of the Ti-Al Alloy Obtained by “Hydride Technology”

et al. 2021

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In this study the influence of scandium on the structural and phase state of the Ti-Al alloy obtained by the method of “Hydride Technology” (HT). The Rietveld method has allowed for determining the content of basic phases of the 49at.%Ti-49at.%Al-2at.%Sc system. By means of the methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray spectral microanalysis, it has been established that scandium additives into the Ti-Al system result in the change of the quantitative content of phases in local regions of the structure. The Ti2Al5 phase has been found, and Ti2Al has been absent. In the morphology of substructures Ti-Al and Ti-Al-Sc there are lamellar structures or lamellae; the peculiarities of the distribution, fraction and size of which are influenced by scandium additives. The average width of Al-rich lamellae has been 0.85 µm, which is four times greater than that for the Ti-Al system (0.21 µm). For Ti-rich lamellae of the sample of the Ti-Al-Sc alloy, the average width of the lamellae has been 0.54 µm, and for Ti-Al it has been 0.34 µm. Based on the obtained data, a scheme of the distribution of phases in the composition of the Ti-Al-Sc alloy in the lamellar structures has been proposed. It has been established that in the Ti-Al-Sc system there is growth of the near-surface strength relative to Ti-Al. In this way, the microhardness of the Ti-Al-Sc alloy has amounted to 1.7 GPa, that is of the Ti-Al alloy which is 1.2 GPa.

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“…This alloy contains 5.3–6.4% copper and is subjected to the precipitation hardening process, and thus, acquires high specific strength, which makes it a very desirable material in terms of aerospace, automotive, and military applications [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. It is noteworthy that the investigated alloy is a modification of AA2519 characterized by the addition of scandium and zirconium, which improves its mechanical properties and resistance to elevated temperature in the form of higher recrystallization temperature [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Although friction stir welding is a suitable technology for joining AA2519, it still significantly influences its microstructure and (at the same time) mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Properties and Low Cycle Fatigue of Sc-Modified AA2519-T62 FSW Joint

et al. 2020

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The aim of this research was to examine the mechanical and fatigue properties of friction stir welded Sc-modified 5 mm thick AA2519-T62 extrusion. The joint was obtained using the following parameters: 800 rpm tool rotation speed, 100 mm/min tool traverse speed, 17 kN axial, and MX Triflute as a tool. The investigation has involved microstructure observations, microhardness distribution analysis, tensile test with digital image correlation technique, observations of the fracture surface, measurements of residual stresses, low cycle fatigue testing, and fractography. It was stated that the obtained weld is defect-free and has joint efficiency of 83%. The failure in the tensile test occurred at the boundary of the thermo-mechanically affected zone and stir zone on the advancing side of the weld. The residual stress measurements have revealed that the highest values of longitudinal stress are localized at the distance of 10 mm from the joint line with their values of 124 MPa (the retreating side) and 159 MPa (the advancing side). The results of low cycle fatigue testing have allowed establishing of the values of the cyclic strength coefficient (k′ = 504.37 MPa) and cyclic strain hardening exponent (n′ = 0.0068) as well as the factors of the Manson–Coffin–Basquin equation: the fatigue strength coefficient σ′f = 462.4 MPa, the fatigue strength exponent b = −0.066, the fatigue ductility coefficient ε′f = 0.4212, and the fatigue ductility exponent c = −0.911.

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Aluminium Scandium Alloys

Cited by 44 publications

References 303 publications

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-Mg Alloy with the Addition of Scandium and Zirconium

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-Mg Alloy with the Addition of Scandium and Zirconium

The Influence of Scandium on the Composition and Structure of the Ti-Al Alloy Obtained by “Hydride Technology”

Research on the Properties and Low Cycle Fatigue of Sc-Modified AA2519-T62 FSW Joint

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