Aluminum-Air Reserve Power Unit for use in a 6 kW standby power system

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

“…All the aluminium alloys in Table 3 were evaluated at an elevated temperature of 60 C which is the optimum temperature for an aluminiumeair system [103]. Among the research that adhered to the sample preparation requirements regarding solution heat treatment, none of them carried out tests at intermediate temperatures between 20 and 60 C. An alloy attaining high discharge rates at 60 C, may not attain the same anodic currents at room temperature, as shown for Al/Ga alloys in Fig.…”

“…If an alloy from Table 3 is selected, external pre-heating of the electrolyte may be feasible to activate the alloy or a run-in time would have to be accommodated for as the electrolyte heats up. Experiments have shown that during discharge the electrolyte temperature will increase from 20 to 60 C after at least 1 h discharge [103].…”

Recent Developments of Semi-fuel Cells for Powering Underwater Sensors and Platforms

“…In light of the decision to investigate the use of aluminum-anode chemistries, it is pertinent to cite previous works that have used this metal as an active battery material. Many oxidant solutions, (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36) and even gases such as oxygen (9)(10)(11)(12) and chlorine (37), have been paired with aluminum to form galvanic couples. A summary that shows some of chemistries considered to have high capacity, and estimates of theoretical performance, are presented in Table II.…”

“…Power sources are, in many cases, the limiting factor for unattended operational cycles, and often the limiting component for further reduction of sensor system size and weight. Although reports on "air-breathing" fuel cells exist, some of them using metal-anodes (9)(10)(11), their utilization in the underwater environment presents challenges, including the limited amount of oxygen that can be galvanically coupled. To solve this problem, semi-fuel cells, which dynamically supply cathode species, have been under development for more than two decades (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Regulating solvation and interface chemistry to inhibit corrosion of the aluminum anode in aluminum–air batteries

“…15 However, the aluminum metal anode suffered from serious self-corrosion and the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both open-circuit state and working mode under alkaline conditions, leading to inferior battery performance and sharply curtails the safety level. 16,17 Numerous efforts have been made to address this issue, including aluminum anode alloying, 18 electrolyte additive, 19 gel electrolyte, 13 nonaqueous electrolyte, 20 and oil displacement and draining the electrolyte after shutdown, 10,21,22 but the efficiency is still unsatisfactory. Recently, a “water-in-salt” (WIS) electrolyte has been designed for aqueous batteries to reduce the water electroactivity and broaden the electrochemical windows by decreasing the content of free H 2 O molecules.…”