Aluminum-air: status of technology and applications [secondary cells]

Dougherty, T.A.; Karpinski, A.P.; Stannard, J.H.; Halliop, W.; Warner, S.

doi:10.1109/iecec.1996.553876

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This prevents hydroxide build-up and cathode pore blocking [60], removes hydrogen bubbles from the aluminium surface [61] and allows integration of peripherals such as a heat exchanger or filter/crystalliser unit [15]. A heat exchanger helps to cool down the electrolyte, preventing it from boiling [62], while a crystalliser promotes the crystallisation of Al(OH) 4 À into insoluble Al(OH) 3 , increasing the OH À ion concentration, via reaction (13).…”

Section: Choice Of Electrolyte For Aluminiumeair Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Egan¹,

León²,

Wood³

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

402

191

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h i g h l i g h t s< Discussion of the rationale to choose a suitable alloy for Aleair battery. < Effect of the properties and preparation route to enhance the oxidation of Al. < Effect of the inhibitors on the anode oxidation in the alkaline electrolyte. This review shows the influence of the materials, including: aluminium alloy, oxygen reduction catalyst and electrolyte type, in the battery performance. Two issues are considered: (a) the parasitic corrosion of aluminium at open-circuit potential and under discharge, due to the reduction of water on the anode and (b) the formation of a passive hydroxide layer on aluminium, which inhibits dissolution and shifts its potential to positive values. To overcome these two issues, super-pure (99.999 wt%) aluminium alloyed with traces of Mg, Sn, In and Ga are used to inhibit corrosion or to break down the passive hydroxide layer. Since high-purity aluminium alloys are expensive, an alternative approach is to add inhibitors or additives directly into the electrolyte. The effectiveness of binary and ternary alloys and the addition of different electrolyte additives are evaluated. Novel methods to overcome the self-corrosion problem include using anionic membranes and gel electrolytes or alternative solvents, such as alcohols or ionic liquids, to replace aqueous solutions. The air cathode is also considered and future opportunities and directions for the development of aluminiumeair cells are highlighted.

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Section: Choice Of Electrolyte For Aluminiumeair Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Egan¹,

León²,

Wood³

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

402

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…78 During the 1990"s, a group at Alcan developed a range of alloys containing Sn, Ga, In and/or Mg and described optimum compositions for both alkaline and brine electrolytes. 24,79,80 In saline electrolytes it has been shown that the addition of In 3+ ions in the electrolyte revealed activation of pure Al which increases with increase of In 3+ concentration. 24 In contrast to pure Al, deactivation was observed solutions.…”

Section: Saline Electrolytes: Metal Ions and Al Alloyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the AB50V alloy developed by Alcan 24,79,80 is an excellent material for high current density dissolution in certain situations, there are two major problems preventing the design of such a battery.…”

Section: Is a High Energy/power Density Al-air Battery Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of aluminium anodes for high power density Al/air batteries with brine electrolytes

Nestoridi¹,

Pletcher²,

Wood³

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

186

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In this thesis aluminium alloys containing small additions of both tin (~ 0.1 wt %) and gallium (~ 0.05 wt %) are shown to dissolve anodically at high rates in sodium chloride media at room temperatures; current densities > 0.2 A cm -2 can be obtained at potentialsclose to the open circuit potential, ~ -1.5 V vs SCE. Alloys that do not contain both tin and gallium were shown not to dissolve at such a negative potential. The tin exists in the alloys as a second phase, typically as ~ 1 µm inclusions (precipitates) distributed throughout the aluminium structure, and anodic dissolution occurs to form rounded pits around the tin inclusions. The pits were different in structure from the crystallographic pits commonly observed with Al and other alloys. The change in pit structure and the negative shift in dissolution potential indicate that the AlMgSnGa alloys dissolve by a different mechanism. Although the distribution of the gallium in the alloy could not be established, it is also shown to be critical in the formation of these pits as well as maintaining their activity. The stability of the alloys to open circuit corrosion and the overpotential for high rate dissolution, both critical to battery performance, is shown to depend on factors in addition to elemental composition; both heat treatment and mechanical working influence the performance of the alloy. The correlation between alloy performance and their microstructure has been investigated.iii Imaging of the surface with a resolution of 10 -20 µm was used for the direct observation of the anodic dissolution of aluminium alloys containing Sn and Ga. The resolution allows confirmation that hydrogen evolution occurs from the Sn inclusions.

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“…The parasitic chemical reaction occurs between the aluminum anode and the electrolyte and is more severe under alkaline electrolyte conditions. The self-corrosion reaction is harmful to aluminum-air batteries, which will cause battery capacity loss and reduce discharge efficiency [7][8] [9] . Efforts have been made on many fronts to overcome this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gadolinium trioxide on anode performance of aluminum-air batteries

Zhu,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

Ionics

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current discharge tests, the anode energy density was calculated by continuous constant current discharge at a current density of 10-180mA/cm 2 , and the surface morphology of the electrode was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the effect of Gd2O3 additives on the aluminum anode performance of aluminum-air batteries in alkaline solution. The positive corrosion potential shift of the polarization curve, the decrease of corrosion current, the decrease of R1 (charge transfer internal resistance) in impedance test, the decrease of hydrogen evolution rate, and the decrease of pitting pits in surface topography analysis showed that the addition of Gd2O3 particles to the pure aluminum anode affected the charge transfer on the anode surface, improved its corrosion resistance, and inhibited the occurrence of hydrogen evolution reaction. The addition of Gd2O3 to pure aluminum has a positive effect on the performance of the battery anode material, which makes the corrosion resistance of the anode material significantly improved, and the discharge is stable and uniform, which is more suitable as an anode material for aluminum-air batteries.

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Aluminum-air: status of technology and applications [secondary cells]

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

The study of aluminium anodes for high power density Al/air batteries with brine electrolytes

Effect of gadolinium trioxide on anode performance of aluminum-air batteries

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