Aluminum‐Based Catalysts for Cycloaddition Reactions: Moving One Step Ahead in Sustainability

Abstract

A large variety of dienes and alkenes can be derived from plants and used further for the production of fine chemicals or biologically active compounds. Herein, we have identified such dienes/alkenes, as well as their synthetic analogues, and presented a strategy for their conversion by atom-economical cycloaddition reactions. The catalyst used for these conversions is derived from abundantly-available aluminum metal in earth's crust, which has low toxicity, easy availability and low price in comparison to the transition metals. Astonishingly, the applications of aluminum-based catalysts are underdeveloped in comparison to the d-block metal analogues. Therefore, this review summarizes the developments in the field of cycloaddition reactions by using aluminum-based catalysts, a pathway that can be pursued for developing "Sustainable Processes". . Zeolite (81) catalysed cycloaddition of isoprene with dienes 38 (a-d) Scheme 22. Synthesis of TCPD by oligomerization of DCPD and DCPD oligomer isomerisationReviews

Structural Similarity in a Series of Alkali Metal Aluminates with Heteroleptic tert‐Butoxide–Isobutyl Ligand Sets

“…The development and fundamental study of well-defined organoaluminium compounds is therefore currently undergoing a resurgence. [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Our specific interest in this resurgence overlaps with our general interest in alkali-metal-mediated synergistic effects in polar main group organometallic chemistry, the subject of a recent review article. [23] This work has resulted in the synthesis of bimetallic lithium organoaluminate complexes that have PMDETA.…”

Metal-Free Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Insights from Synthesis to Applications in Sustainable Catalysis

“…1 Although, chemistry has substantially improved people's quality of life by producing thousands of commercially important products, the ecosystem is being deteriorated as a result of the excessive utilization of natural resources and the production of undesired toxic chemicals. 2 Therefore, one of the key research goals in the field of chemistry is to develop efficient, sustainable, and selective approaches. Sustainability 3 to meet the demands of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generation 2 and the use of sustainable catalysts should be encouraged for future developments in this regard.…”

“…2 Therefore, one of the key research goals in the field of chemistry is to develop efficient, sustainable, and selective approaches. Sustainability 3 to meet the demands of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generation 2 and the use of sustainable catalysts should be encouraged for future developments in this regard.…”

“…Industrialization in recent years has brought economic prosperity, but additionally, it has a negative impact on the environment, posing serious difficulties . Although, chemistry has substantially improved people’s quality of life by producing thousands of commercially important products, the ecosystem is being deteriorated as a result of the excessive utilization of natural resources and the production of undesired toxic chemicals . Therefore, one of the key research goals in the field of chemistry is to develop efficient, sustainable, and selective approaches.…”

Mechanisms and Kinetics of the Dehydrogenation of C6–C8 Cycloalkanes, Cycloalkenes, and Cyclodienes to Aromatics in H-MFI Zeolite Framework

“…These studies were extended to C 7 and C 8 diene precursors, and it was found that the activation barriers for 1,6-cyclization routes trend opposite with degree of methylation C 6 > C 7 > C 8 , suggesting that cyclization pathways may also form methylated hydrocarbon rings such as methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene. Experimental investigations have shown that trienes can also lead to the formation of cyclic hydrocarbons (e.g., cyclohexadiene) and that cyclization is exothermic and irreversible. ,− Diels–Alder reactions, similarly, could lead to the formation of cyclic species from reactions of dienes and alkenes, although these have only been studied on non-acidic zeolites as the reaction is typically not associated with Brønsted acid sites. − Alternatively, dehydrative reactions of dienes with formaldehyde can result in the formation of cyclopentadiene (C 5 H 6 ) via 1,3-butadien-1-ol as an intermediate. C 5 H 6 has been identified during MTO , and has been proposed to be a precursor to deactivation either by interacting with aromatics or by undergoing alkylation, isomerization, and hydride transfers that yield deactivating species, ,, potentially via C 6 intermediates.…”