Aluminum Group Extraction with Benzoic Acid – Acetic Acid Crossed Type Calix[4]arene Derivatives

Abstract

A calix [4]arene carboxylic acid derivative alternatively possessing benzoic acid and two acetic acid groups has been prepared to investigate the extraction behavior for the aluminum group of metals, such as aluminum, gallium, and indium from nitrate and chloride media and to compare with the tetraacetic acid derivative. The present extraction reagent exhibits a simple ion-exchange mechanism for all metals. Both extractants show that the selectivity series is In > Ga >> Al in nitrate media, while Ga > In >> Al is found for chloride media due to complexation of indium with chloride anions. The stoichiometry of the gallium complex with both extractants, determined by the continuous variation method, was determined to be 1 : 1. The complexation site of the present extractant for gallium was also determined using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The extraction ability and separation efficiency of both extractants for the three metal ions were estimated by using the half pH values. Stripping of the metal ions loaded on the present extractant with hydrochloric acid was also investigated.

Comparative Extraction of Aluminum Group Metals Using Acetic Acid Derivatives with Three Different-Sized Frameworks for Coordination

“…Nishihama et al reported a systematic extractive separation of Ga 3+ and In 3+ by three types of organophosphorus compounds in kerosene with different basicities, their extraction constants in chloride media, and a simulation of their separation by a counter-current mixer-settler cascade with the most suitable extraction reagent (D2EHPA) [32]. New extraction reagents, such as tris(2-hydroxybenzyl)amine [33], aminophosphonic acid [34][35][36], aminocarboxylic acid [37], phenylphosphinic acid [38], and thioglycolate [39], as well as receptors based on calix [5]arene [40] and calix [4]arene [41,42], have been applied for the separation of Ga 3+ and In 3+ . Furthermore, we recently investigated Ga 3+ extraction using secondary amido ligands [43].…”

Selective Extraction of Ga(III) with <i>p-t</i>-Butylcalix[4]arene Tetrahydroxamic Acid

“…Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) [6], carboxylic acids [7,8], amines [9][10][11], quinolines [12] and β-diketones [13] have also been applied for this goal. In addition to these compounds, hydroxamic acids [14] are a class of versatile extractants which have significant importance as analytical tools for the separation and quantitative determination of a large number of metal ions [15,16].…”

Solvent Extraction Behavior of Divalent Palladium Ion with Phenylurea Derivative of Trident Molecule

“…Various types of extraction reagents based on macrocycles and pseudomacrocycles, such as calixarene [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and tripodal alkyltrimethylol compounds as "trident" molecules [20][21][22][23] have been prepared for metal separation in our group. The trident molecules have been applied to a variety of field as such transmembrane transfer [24][25], metal complex catalysts [26][27][28][29], nanoelectronics devices [30], and anion receptors [31] due to the it structural specificity.…”