Aluminum induces oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

The mechanism of aluminum toxicity was studied in the model cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell growth of yeast was inhibited by aluminum. The spot assay showed that the detoxification mechanism of yeast cells to aluminum was different from that of heavy metal cadmium. After treatment with aluminum, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, carbonyl protein and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the percentage of propidium iodide permeable cells treated with aluminum was augmented significantly. These data demonstrated that aluminum toxicity was attributed to oxidative stress in yeast and it induced oxidative damage by causing lipid peroxidation, injuring cell membrane integrity. Moreover, aluminum triggered the antioxidant defense system in the cells. Glutathione levels were found to be decreased, while activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased after treatment with aluminum. Additionally, an oxidative stress-related mutation sensitivity assay showed that aluminum-induced yeast oxidative stress was closely related to glutathione. These data demonstrated that the oxidative damage caused by aluminum was different from that of hydrogen peroxide in yeast. Aluminum could cause DNA damage, and aluminum toxicity was associated with sulfhydryl groups, such as glutathione, while it was independent of YAP1.

Study of the effect of calcium signal participating in the antioxidant mechanism of yeast under high‐sugar environment

“…5. Carbonyl proteins are formed by the destruction of cellular proteins in yeast cells after being subjected to oxidative stress 55 . In the control yeast, the carbonyl protein content increased significantly from 24 h, while in the high glucose without available Ca 2+ group, the carbonyl protein content increased at 36 h. The yeast in the high glucose with Ca 2+ group showed a significant increase in carbonyl protein content at 36 h. At 6, 24 and 36 h, the carbonyl protein content of yeast in the high glucose without available Ca 2+ group was at a higher level compared to the other experimental groups.…”

“…Carbonyl proteins are formed by the destruction of cellular proteins in yeast cells after being subjected to oxidative stress. 55 In the control yeast, the carbonyl protein content increased significantly from 24 h, while in the high glucose without available Ca 2+ group, the carbonyl protein content increased at 36 h. The yeast in the high glucose with Ca 2+ group showed a significant increase in carbonyl protein content at 36 h. At 6, 24 and 36 h, the carbonyl protein content of yeast in the high glucose without available Ca 2+ group was at a higher level compared to the other experimental groups. The carbonyl protein content of yeast in the high glucose with Ca 2+ group was at the lowest level from 6 to 24 h and significantly lower than that in the high glucose without available Ca 2+ group at 36 h. This indicated that the high-glucose environment led to an increased stress inducing yeast cell damage, while the addition of Ca 2+ effectively reduced the stress damage in yeast.…”

Soil pH Filters the Association Patterns of Aluminum-Tolerant Microorganisms in Rice Paddies

“…Another possible strategy to improve acid and Al tolerance of organisms is to manipulate antioxidant defense system ( 55 , 56 ). Al-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and changes in cell wall properties are considered two intrinsic factors in Al toxicity ( 57 , 58 ). We found that the influential taxa were strongly correlated with multiple antioxidant functional genes, while the sensitive taxa were weakly correlated with these genes.…”