Aluminum toxicity in plants and its possible mitigation in acid soils by biochar: A review

Shetty, Rajpal; Vidya, C.S.; Prakash, N. B.; Lee, Alexander; Vaculík, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142744

Cited by 162 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Chemical impacts of biochar on soils and soil water solution can also affect seed germination and early seedling development. For example, by raising the pH, alkaline biochars alleviate Al and heavy metal toxicity that can reduce root growth in acidic soils (Lauricella et al, 2021; Shetty et al, 2020; Van Zwieten, Rose, et al, 2015). At high application rates, biochars with high levels of soluble salts could inhibit germination and seedling growth through osmotic stress.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

et al. 2021

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We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); and aging (beyond 6 months). As biochar ages, it is incorporated into soil aggregates, protecting the biochar carbon and promoting the stabilization of rhizodeposits and microbial products. Biochar carbon persists in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. By increasing pH, porosity, and water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions for root development and microbial functions. Biochars can catalyze biotic and abiotic reactions, particularly in the rhizosphere, that increase nutrient supply and uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate plant development, and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, on average, biochars increase P availability by a factor of 4.6; decrease plant tissue concentration of heavy metals by 17%–39%; build soil organic carbon through negative priming by 3.8% (range −21% to +20%); and reduce non‐CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from soil by 12%–50%. Meta‐analyses show average crop yield increases of 10%–42% with biochar addition, with greatest increases in low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common in the tropics), and in sandy soils in drylands due to increase in nutrient retention and water holding capacity. Studies report a wide range of plant responses to biochars due to the diversity of biochars and contexts in which biochars have been applied. Crop yields increase strongly if site‐specific soil constraints and nutrient and water limitations are mitigated by appropriate biochar formulations. Biochars can be tailored to address site constraints through feedstock selection, by modifying pyrolysis conditions, through pre‐ or post‐production treatments, or co‐application with organic or mineral fertilizers. We demonstrate how, when used wisely, biochar mitigates climate change and supports food security and the circular economy.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

et al. 2021

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“…The application of malate has also been shown to alleviate Al toxicity in Pinus massoniana seedlings [186]. The application of biochar increases the pH value, water holding capacity, and available nutrients in acidic soil, and also improves soil texture and aggregation, therefore, relieving the plants [187]. Lin et al showed that biochar alleviates Al toxicity in achieving cabbage productivity [188].…”

Section: Small Molecules To Alleviate Al Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance and Response to Aluminum Toxicity

et al. 2021

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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major environmental stress that inhibits plant growth and development. There has been impressive progress in recent years that has greatly increased our understanding of the nature of Al toxicity and its mechanisms of tolerance. This review describes the transcription factors (TFs) and plant hormones involved in the adaptation to Al stress. In particular, it discusses strategies to confer plant resistance to Al stress, such as transgenic breeding, as well as small molecules and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to alleviate Al toxicity. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of plant production in acidic soils.

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“…At the same time, the reduced acidity in the growing media after the application of P-BC-LDHs was capable of reducing the solubility of aluminum. It has been reported that enriching soil with a sustainable silicon source, such as rice straw biochar, containing approximately 10-20% silicon, can help to lower the aluminum concentration and enhance soil health and plant growth [53]. Therefore, it can be assumed that the abundant silicon within the rice straw biochar structure located in this composite would combine with the aluminum in LDHs, or even in substrate cultures, to form hydroxy aluminosilicate complexes and reduce the potential leachable aluminum [42].…”

Section: Release Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Biochar Functionalized with Layered Double Hydroxides: Improved Plant Growth Performance after Use as Phosphate Adsorbent

Buates

Imai

2021

Applied Sciences

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The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar, functionalized with layered double hydroxides, as a fertilizer after its use in phosphate treatment (P-BC-LDHs). It was conducted with several levels of P-BC-LDHs using seed germination and early growth assays of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The application of P-BC-LDHs resulted in successful seedling emergence, with an excellent germination capacity of over 96% for all treatments. However, compared to the controls, P-BC-LDHs did not provide favorable seedling traits. In contrast, in the latter experiments, lettuce cultivated under mixtures with P-BC-LDHs, particularly at an application rate of 2.5% (w/w), displayed superior growth quality to those under non-treated conditions. The length of lettuce shoots and roots from this optimal dosage were increased by at least 24% compared to untreated samples. A 17% reduction in biomass yield was observed for the samples from non-supplemented substrates. The nutrient release profiles showed that P-BC-LDHs were capable of slowly supplying phosphorus, thereby increasing the long-term nutrient availability for plants. The findings reported here provide important insights into these materials and confirm that P-BC-LDHs can be used for agricultural purposes after phosphate remediation applications. The results of this study provide constructive information to facilitate the implementation of biochar-based LDH composites for sustainable phosphate removal and recovery.

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Aluminum toxicity in plants and its possible mitigation in acid soils by biochar: A review

Cited by 162 publications

References 98 publications

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance and Response to Aluminum Toxicity

Application of Biochar Functionalized with Layered Double Hydroxides: Improved Plant Growth Performance after Use as Phosphate Adsorbent

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