Aluminum Welding

Cross, C. E.; Olson, D. L.; Liu, Stephen V.

doi:10.1201/9780203912591.ch9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although it was expected that Mg 2 Al 3 would be formed, which could begin to coalesce and coarsen in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), where the temperature rises to around 250°C and further, there was no coalescence or coarsening in the HAZ. Nevertheless, finegrain microstructures were produced, which involved static recrystallization in the HAZ close to the fusion line (Cross et al 2003;Mathers 2002). Although conventional GMAW showed lower mechanical test results compared to GTAW or FSW, CMT pulsed GMAW showed results close to FSW.…”

Section: Dissimilar Welding Of Aluminum Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding of dissimilar non-ferrous metals by GMAW processes

Mvola

Kah

Martikainen

2014

Int J Mech Mater Eng

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For many years, the manufacturing industry has shown interest in the opportunities offered by welding of dissimilar metals. The need for appropriate and effective techniques has increased in recent decades because of efforts to build light and strong vehicles with reduced fuel consumption. In addition, the thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and recyclability are other reasons to weld dissimilar non-ferrous metal. Early gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes had limited control of the heat input, a prerequisite for effective welding of dissimilar metals, but the advanced GMAW processes of the past decades offer new perspectives. The objective of this paper is to review the main principles of the fusion welding of dissimilar metals. The study briefly investigates the challenges in welding the main possible combination of categories of non-ferrous metal. Some experiments performed on dissimilar metals using GMAW processes are then reviewed, highlighting those made using advanced GMAW processes. The study collates data from the scientific literature on fusion dissimilar metal welding (DMW), advanced GMAW processes, and experiments conducted with conventional GMAW. The study shows that the welding procedure specification is a crucial factor in DMW. Advanced GMAW processes have significant potential in the fusion welding of dissimilar non-ferrous metals of different grades. Accurate control of the heat input allows more effective prediction of the intermetallic properties and better control of post-heat treatments. Increased understanding of advanced GMAW processes will permit the development of more accurate specifications of welding procedures for DMW. Process flexibility and adaptability to robotic mass production will allow a wider range of applications and the avoidance of costly alternative methods.

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Section: Dissimilar Welding Of Aluminum Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding of dissimilar non-ferrous metals by GMAW processes

Mvola

Kah

Martikainen

2014

Int J Mech Mater Eng

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“…The major limitation of this technique is that the solidification conditions are usually different from those encountered during welding. A more appropriate technique is the Varestraint test [5]. It consists in applying a strain of known magnitude to a weld coupon during the welding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Tearing Sensitivity of Al-Mg-Si Alloys Evaluated by X-Ray Microtomography After Constrained Solidification at High Cooling Rate

Giraud

Suéry

Adrien

et al. 2011

Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III

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International audienceThe mechanical behavior of alloys resulting from a mixture of a AA6061 base alloy with different alloys from the Al-Si and Al-Mg series used as filler alloys during welding has been investigated under conditions close to welding. The specimens have been subjected to constrained solidification carried out at a high cooling rate of 80 K/s. In the test developed in this study, the central part of the specimen is initially melted. During solidification, this zone suffers strains only generated by thermal contraction and solidification shrinkage, which can possibly lead to the formation of hot cracks. The hot cracking sensitivity of the various alloys has been determined thanks to X-ray microtomography observations which have allowed imaging the zone solidified under constrained conditions and measuring the volume fraction and the number of open cracks as a function of Si and Mg contents. The variation of stress induced by deformation of the solid during constrained solidification has been also measured as a function of solid fraction. The results show that: (1) stress developed within the solidifying alloy exhibits the same variation whatever the Si and Mg contents. Stress starts increasing at the coherency of the solid skeleton and increases much more sharply when coalescence occurs. (2) the alloys with Si and Mg contents exceeding 3 and 2 wt% respectively are less sensitive to hot tearing in comparison with the base alloy; (3)Al-Mg filler alloys seem to be the best solution to reduce hot cracking in 6061 welded joints

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“…In multi-layer welds, similar to weld-based 3-D printing, the edges of previously welded beads are melted or partially melted which promotes homogenization of the microstructure 25,46 . SDAS on the order of 10 µm is common in welding whereas larger dendrite arm spacings on the order of 100 µm are more common in casting 52 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-property relationships of common aluminum weld alloys utilized as feedstock for GMAW-based 3-D metal printing

Haselhuhn¹,

Buhr²,

Wijnen³

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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The relationship between microstructure and properties is not widely assessed in parts produced by additive manufacturing, particularly for aluminum. These relationships can be used by engineers to develop new materials, additive processes, and additively manufactured parts for a variety of applications. Thus, the tensile, compressive, and microstructural properties of common aluminum weld filler alloys (ER1100, ER4043, ER4943, ER4047, and ER5356) were evaluated following gas metal arc weld (GMAW)-based metal 3-D printing to identify optimal alloy systems for this type of additive manufacturing. The porosities in all test specimens were found to be less than 2%, with interdendritic shrinkage in 4000 series alloys vs. intergranular shrinkage in 5356. The 4000 series alloys performed better than 1100 and 5356 with respect to printed bead width, porosity, strength, and defect sensitivity. In comparison to standard wrought and weld alloys, the 3-D printed specimens exhibited similar or superior mechanical properties with only minor exceptions. Long print times allow for stress relieving and annealing that improved the print properties of the 4000 series and 5356 alloys. Overall the GMAW-based 3-D parts printed from aluminum alloys exhibited similar mechanical properties to those fabricated using more conventional processing techniques.

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Aluminum Welding

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Welding of dissimilar non-ferrous metals by GMAW processes

Welding of dissimilar non-ferrous metals by GMAW processes

Hot Tearing Sensitivity of Al-Mg-Si Alloys Evaluated by X-Ray Microtomography After Constrained Solidification at High Cooling Rate

Structure-property relationships of common aluminum weld alloys utilized as feedstock for GMAW-based 3-D metal printing

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