Alveolar Ridge Preservation after Tooth Extraction Using Different Bone Graft Materials and Autologous Platelet Concentrates: a Systematic Review

Abstract

Objectives To review and assess the efficiency of different post extraction socket preservation techniques. Material and Methods An electronic literature search was performed on the MEDLINE and Embase databases. The review included human studies published between from January 1 st , 2007 to January 1 st , 2018, in English. Outcome measures included dimensional changes and/or histological evaluation of alveolar bone. Results Twenty-six full text articles were reviewed, 16 of which met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the study. Autogenous tooth graft prevented vertical resorption the most: -0.28 (SD 0.13) mm, observation period (OP): 4 months, while the least effective approach was beta tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP): -1.72 (SD 0.56) mm, OP: 4 months. Estimating horizontal resorption, the most effective technique was biphasic calcium sulphate (BCS) with β-TCP and hydroxyapatite (HA) - BCS + TCP + HA: 0.03 (SD 2.32) mm, OP: 4 months, while β-TCP was the least efficient: -1.45 (SD 0.4) mm, OP: 4 months. Evaluating residual graft particles (RG) and newly formed bone (NFB) ratio the best results were achieved with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: RG: 8.88%, NFB: 38.42%, OP: 5 months, whereas magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite was least effective: RG: 40.82%, NFB: 31.85%, OP: 4 months. Conclusions This review revealed that even though there are numerous types of biomaterials for socket preservation none of them can completely stop alveolar bone loss after tooth extraction. Furthermore, lack of information about qualitative evaluation of bone was noticed indicating that further studies regarding this topic are needed.

First Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) Response and Safety Evaluation of Fibrous Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Critical Size Femoral Defect Model of the Sprague-Dawley Rat

“…The clearly defined dental alveolar compartment provides these conditions. DBM paste exhibits significantly higher bone formation than synthetic bone replacement materials, if applied in the alveolar ridge [ 25 ]. Also, in cases of vertebral body fusion, freshly dissected intervertebral space offers optimized, osteoinductive conditions [ 21 , 23 , 26 , 37 ].…”

“…Examples of successful applications are the support of osseointegration of dental implants, but also to support arthrodesis procedures on joints. Even in human spine surgery the results were promising [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. But clinical application in large bone defect is rare and mainly restricted to experimental approaches since DBM is easy to place in the bony gap, but a challenge to keep it there.…”

A randomized controlled trial on the impact of healing time on wound healing following ridge preservation using a 70%/30% combination of mineralized and demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft

“…3 A recent study 4 found that there was a higher mean percent vital bone when no grafting was completed and that no one bone substitute was superior to another, but considerable loss of ridge height and width accompanies a non-grafted extraction socket. [1][2][3]5,6 A goal of ridge preservation is to maintain the overall size and shape of the ridge while also allowing formation of new vital bone. Although autogenous grafts possess all beneficial qualities of the ideal bone graft, they are associated with relatively high morbidity 5 and increased surgical time, and they lack evidence demonstrating their superior qualities over other options.…”

“…[1][2][3]5,6 A goal of ridge preservation is to maintain the overall size and shape of the ridge while also allowing formation of new vital bone. Although autogenous grafts possess all beneficial qualities of the ideal bone graft, they are associated with relatively high morbidity 5 and increased surgical time, and they lack evidence demonstrating their superior qualities over other options. 4 Bone particulate allograft is a commonly used material to predictably maintain alveolar ridge dimensions 7 while also providing a scaffold for new host bone formation.…”

The Influence of Local Pamidronate Application on Alveolar Dimensional Preservation after Tooth Extraction—An Animal Experimental Study

“…As patient morbidity is increasing with every surgery and aesthetic outcome in the anterior area is more and more compromised, a central clinical focus is on preventing bone loss after tooth extraction. Recent systematic reviews of alveolar socket preservation have concluded that various techniques, including bone graft/substitute implantation, can reduce bone loss after tooth extraction compared with spontaneous alveolar healing, but that some loss of alveolar ridge height and especially width seems unavoidable [23,40,41]. Under physiological conditions, osteoclasts are mainly responsible for the vertical and horizontal loss of alveolar bone in the area of the extraction socket [42].…”