2010
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2038
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Always on the bright side: the climbing mechanism of Galium aparine

Abstract: Galium aparine is a herbaceous climbing plant that attaches to host plants mainly via its leaves, which are covered by hooked trichomes. Although such hooks are found on both leaf surfaces, the leaves of G. aparine are mainly positioned upon the leaves of supporting plants and rarely beneath. In order to understand the mechanism underlying this observation, we have studied structural and mechanical properties of single leaf hooks, frictional properties of leaf surfaces, turgor pressure in different leaf tissue… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(73 citation statements)
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“…The hooked trichomes enable Galium aparine to compete with other plants for sunlight, which includes the leaf trichomes of Galium aparine attaching to neighbouring plants, usually via hooks situated on the abaxial leaf surface, so that it is positioned on top of the other plant, and thus situated advantageously for efficient photosynthesis. 23,25 In addition, trichomes present on the stems of the plant create friction with adjacent plants leading to a physical interlocking. 23 Finally, the plant disperses its diaspores by epizoochory (dispersal via attachment to animal fur and feathers); this is enabled by the presence of hooked trichomes present on the surface of the mericarps 26 (the plant produces fruit in the form of schizocarps that mature and then split into two one-seeded mericarps 22 ), Figure 1.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The hooked trichomes enable Galium aparine to compete with other plants for sunlight, which includes the leaf trichomes of Galium aparine attaching to neighbouring plants, usually via hooks situated on the abaxial leaf surface, so that it is positioned on top of the other plant, and thus situated advantageously for efficient photosynthesis. 23,25 In addition, trichomes present on the stems of the plant create friction with adjacent plants leading to a physical interlocking. 23 Finally, the plant disperses its diaspores by epizoochory (dispersal via attachment to animal fur and feathers); this is enabled by the presence of hooked trichomes present on the surface of the mericarps 26 (the plant produces fruit in the form of schizocarps that mature and then split into two one-seeded mericarps 22 ), Figure 1.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19 In the case of leaves and stems, the hooks are mainly used for climbing 20 ; whilst hooks present on their diaspores facilitate their dispersal via humans and animals. 21 For instance, the ubiquitous, scrambling weed Galium aparine, (a herbaceous annual found throughout Eurasia and North America 22 ), consists of tiny hooked trichomes 23 which cover virtually every exposed surface of the plant, giving rise to its ability to strongly adhere to a wide range of objects, 24 Figure 1. The hooked trichomes enable Galium aparine to compete with other plants for sunlight, which includes the leaf trichomes of Galium aparine attaching to neighbouring plants, usually via hooks situated on the abaxial leaf surface, so that it is positioned on top of the other plant, and thus situated advantageously for efficient photosynthesis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1). (Goodman, 2005;Bauer et al, 2011;Hayley and Badyal, 2014). G. aparine usually produces 100 to 400 seeds with hooked hairs that facilitate the dispersion of seeds by animals (zoochory) (Moore, 2011).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bauer et al [1] have investigated the structure and mechanical properties of the climbing plant Galium aparine, which attaches to host plants using its leaves. In this experimental study, sets of tensile experiments were performed to estimate the contact separation force of single hooks in different load directions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently studied hook-like structures on different plant organs, which enhance their attachment ability, serve two main functions: (i) to support stems in a densely occupied environment [1], and (ii) to interlock with animal fur and feathers for fruit and seed dispersal [2]. To separate hooks from their supports, a large force per unit area has to be applied.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%