Alzheimer's disease and anaesthesia: implications for the central cholinergic system

"Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics" (2011). Physiology and Pharmacology Publications. 72. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/physpharmpub/72 This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Acetylcholine in the brain has been associated with consciousness and general anesthesia effects. We tested the hypothesis that the integrity of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) affects the response to general anesthetics. Cholinergic neurons in NBM were selectively lesioned by bilateral infusion of 192IgG-saporin in adult, male Long-Evans rats, and control rats were infused with saline. Depletion of choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive cells in the NBM and decrease in optical density of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in the frontal and visual cortices confirmed a significant decrease in NBM cholinergic neurons in lesioned as compared to control rats. AChE staining in the hippocampus and ChAT-positive neurons in the medial septum-vertical limb of the diagonal band were not different between lesioned and control rats. When a general anesthetic was administered, lesioned compared to control rats showed significantly longer duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR) after propofol (5 or 10 mg/kg i.v.), pentobarbital (20 or 40 mg/kg i.p.) but not halothane (2%). However, the behavioral excitation, as indicated by horizontal movements, induced by halothane was reduced in lesioned as compared to control rats. Reversible inactivation of NBM with GABA A receptor agonist muscimol increased slow waves in the neocortex during awake immobility, and prolonged the duration of LORR and loss of tail-pinch response after propofol, pentobarbital and halothane. In summary, lesion of NBM cholinergic neurons or inactivation of the NBM prolonged the LORR response to general anesthetic drugs.

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“…Whether this applies to general anesthesia in aged humans and Alzheimer's patients (Fodale et al, 2006) remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Correlation Of Averagementioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics

Leung

Petropoulos

Shen

et al. 2011

Experimental Neurology

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“…Alzheimer's disease produces significant cognitive impairment that arises from dysfunction in numerous neurotransmitter systems, particularly from damage to cholinergic neurons known to play an important role in learning and memory [1]. Cholinergic depletion is used as a marker of neurological pathology and is associated with memory loss and the severity of Alzheimer's disease symptoms [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Black Ginseng on Memory Improvement in the Amnesic Mice Induced by Scopolamine

Lee¹,

Yun²,

Liu³

et al. 2010

Journal of Ginseng Research

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:This study compared the effects of black, white, and red ginseng extracts (WGE, RGE, BGE, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) on learning and memory deficits associated with scopolamine treatment (SCOP, 2 mg/kg, i.p.). Tacrine (THA, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a positive control. Ginseng significantly reversed SCOP-induced memory impairment in the passiveavoidance test and also reduced escape latency in training trials of the Morris water maze test. The increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity produced by SCOP was significantly inhibited by WGE and RGE (p<0.001). SCOP administration had no effect on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, but RGE and BGE significantly increased ChAT activity (p<0.05). SCOP administration increased oxidative damage in the brain. Treatment of amnesic mice with ginseng extracts decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity to control levels. These results suggest that black ginseng enhances cognitive activity by regulation of cholinergic enzymes and antioxidant systems.

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“…Ako je potrebno da se koristi antiholinergik, daje se glikopirolat, jer ne prolazi hemato-encefalnu barijeru 6 . Što se tiče redovne terapije ove bolesti, potrebno je da se koristi do intervencije i treba da se nastavi što pre postoperativno.…”

Section: Anesthesia In Patients With Neu-rological Diseases Coma (Neunclassified

Anesthesia in patients with neurological diseases: Coma (neurological disorders and anesthesia)

Palibrk¹,

Veličković²

2018

Serb J Anest Inten Therapy

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Alzheimer's disease and anaesthesia: implications for the central cholinergic system

Cited by 113 publications

References 53 publications

Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics

Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics

Effect of Black Ginseng on Memory Improvement in the Amnesic Mice Induced by Scopolamine

Anesthesia in patients with neurological diseases: Coma (neurological disorders and anesthesia)

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