Alzheimer's Disease and Glaucoma: Imaging the Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Disease

Valenti, Denise A.

doi:10.4061/2010/793931

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…OCT measurement of the RNFL is a quick non-invasive procedure, of importance for patients with cognitive impairment. The retrograde loss of nerve fibre layer tissue in the retina and optic nerve may be an early biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease, and possibly the earliest sign of disease, prior to damage to the hippocampal region that impacts memory (Valenti, 2011). Thus RNFL analysis may be best suited in detection of early neurocognitive decline as a marker of ‘neurobiological ageing’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: Relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers

Pathai

Gilbert

Lawn

et al. 2013

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: Relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers

Pathai

Gilbert

Lawn

et al. 2013

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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“…Tamura et al found that 23.8% of patients with ATD had glaucoma, while only 9.9% of the age-matched controls had glaucoma (1) . From these data, it was proposed that the optic nerve of patients with ATD may be less resistant to elevated IOP (15) . Based on this proposition, we suspected that in the early stages of ATD, lower IOP may cause glaucomatous optic neuropathy; therefore, the NTG patients could be expected to attain lower MMSE scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both ATD and glaucoma demonstrate early structural changes in the visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus. Both diseases affect magnocellular visual processing (15) . Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can demonstrate these early changes, so it is reasonable to use OCT when assessing for cognitive decline in glaucoma patients to analyze the possible correlations between OCT measures and cognitive parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma patients

Bulut¹,

Yaman²,

Erol³

et al. 2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar as diferenças de desempenho cognitivo entre pacientes com glau coma primário de ângulo aberto (POAG), glaucoma de pressão normal (NTG) e controle de indivíduos saudáveis (C).Métodos: Um total de 60 pessoas (20 POAG, 20 NTG e 20 85,2 ± 14,7, 76,8 ± 10,3 e 91,4 ± 7,7 µm nos grupos POAG, NTG e controles, respectivamente (p<0,001). As espessuras médias da GCIPL observadas foram 77.5 ± 9.7 μm no grupo POAG, 73,4 ± 7,8 ABSTRACTPurpose: To assess cognitive performance differences among primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects. Methods: A total of 60 participants (20 POAG, 20 NTG, and 20 C subjects) were included in this study. A detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed on all participants. A spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system was used to measure the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses. To assess the cognitive performance of all participants, detailed neurological examinations, including the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), were performed by the same neurologist. Results: There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of age (p=0.348) or gender (p=0.935). The mean RNFL thicknesses were significantly diffe rent among the groups (85.2 ± 14.7, 76.8 ± 10.3, and 91.4 ± 7.7 µm in the POAG, NTG, and C subjects, respectively; p<0.001). The mean GC-IPL thicknesses were 77.5 ± 9.7 µm in the POAG group, 73.4 ± 7.8 µm in the NTG group, and 78.8 ± 3.8 µm in the C group. Differences among the groups were not statistically significant (p=0.085). MMSE scores were 26.1 ± 1.4, 25.7 ± 2.3, and 28.8 ± 0.9 in the POAG, NTG, and C groups, respectively. There were significant differences among the three groups (p<0.001). Specifically, there were significant differences between the NTG and C groups (p<0.001), and between the POAG and C groups (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the POAG and NTG groups (p=0.595). Conclusions: There appear to be similar risk factors in glaucoma and neurodegenerative disorders that cause deterioration in cognitive performance. Comparing the low MMSE scores of the POAG and NTG patients with the scores of healthy C participants supports our hypothesis. Consequently, it is recommended that a neurologist should also examine glaucoma patients.

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“…198 AD-related pathological changes have also been observed in normal-pressure hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, and glaucoma; all of which may be associated with elevated intracranial or intraocular pressure. 199 These results suggest that AD-type changes could result in part from exposure of the central nervous system to elevated mechanical stress 200 and that such progressive changes in pressure gradients affecting the intracranial optic nerve might be a further cause of visual field changes in AD.…”

Section: Posterior Segment Of the Eyementioning

confidence: 97%

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

Armstrong

Kergoat

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Dementia is associated with various alterations of the eye and visual function. Over 60% of cases are attributable to Alzheimer's disease, a significant proportion of the remainder to vascular dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies, while frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease dementia are less common. This review describes the oculo‐visual problems of these five dementias and the pathological changes which may explain these symptoms. It further discusses clinical considerations to help the clinician care for older patients affected by dementia. Recent findings Visual problems in dementia include loss of visual acuity, defects in colour vision and visual masking tests, changes in pupillary response to mydriatics, defects in fixation and smooth and saccadic eye movements, changes in contrast sensitivity function and visual evoked potentials, and disturbance of complex visual functions such as in reading ability, visuospatial function, and the naming and identification of objects. Pathological changes have also been reported affecting the crystalline lens, retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex. Clinically, issues such as cataract surgery, correcting the refractive error, quality of life, falls, visual impairment and eye care for dementia have been addressed. Summary Many visual changes occur across dementias, are controversial, often based on limited patient numbers, and no single feature can be regarded as diagnostic of any specific dementia. Nevertheless, visual hallucinations may be more characteristic of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia than Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia. Differences in saccadic eye movement dysfunction may also help to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies. Eye care professionals need to keep informed of the growing literature in vision/dementia, be attentive to signs and symptoms suggestive of cognitive impairment, and be able to adapt their practice and clinical interventions to best serve patients with dementia.

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Alzheimer's Disease and Glaucoma: Imaging the Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Disease

Cited by 39 publications

References 62 publications

Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: Relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers

Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: Relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers

Cognitive performance of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma patients

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

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