Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Use of MCT Oil and a Ketogenic Diet

Takeishi, Junpei; Tatewaki, Yasuko; Nakase, Taizen; Takano, Yoshinao; Tomita, Naoki; Yamamoto, Shinjiro; Mutoh, Tatsushi; Taki, Yasuyuki

doi:10.3390/ijms222212310

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The most prevalent type of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, typically shows itself as a progressive loss of memory and cognitive abilities. [ 47 ] According to studies, the ameliorative effects of KD on Alzheimer’s disease are associated with an increase in brain energy production, a restriction on the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, a decrease in the inflammatory response, and activation of potassium ion channels. [ 48 ] Recently, some scientists have suggested that the next area of fundamental study in this area should concentrate on neuroinflammatory processes and alterations in the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bibliometric analysis of the global trends and hotspots for the ketogenic diet based on CiteSpace

Yao²,

Ge³

et al. 2023

Medicine

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The ketogenic diet (KD) is a potential nutritional therapy that is frequently utilized in various conditions. More and more studies are being done on KD in recent years. However, as far as we know, few studies have made an effort to offer a thorough synthesis and assessment of this topic. This paper aims to do a rigorous and thorough evaluation of the knowledge structure, development trend, and research hotspot of scientific outputs connected to KD. The bibliographic records connected to KD from January 1, 2001 to April 22, 2022 were collected using the core collection database of Web of Science. The complex data input, that consisted of the amount of publications, journals, authors, institutions, countries, keywords and cited references, was generated and analyzed visually using CiteSpace. A total of 2676 literatures on the KD were published between 2001 and 2022. The most KD-related publications were found in Epilepsia and Epilepsia Research. The authors with the most KD-related papers are Kossoff EH and Rho J. The United States is the country with the most publications, and Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions are the institutions with the most articles. The high frequency keywords are “KD,” “ketone body,” “children,” “efficacy,” “weight loss,” “low carbohydrate diet,” “metabolism,” “epilepsy,” “beta hydroxybutyrate,” and “modified atkins diet.” The 2018 study by Kossoff EH on epilepsia and the 2017 study by Puchalska P on ketone body metabolism earned 127 and 114 citations, respectively. The results of this bibliometric analysis provide information on the state and trends in KD and may be used by researchers to pinpoint hot issues and discover new areas of study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bibliometric analysis of the global trends and hotspots for the ketogenic diet based on CiteSpace

Yao²,

Ge³

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…[85] To promote ketone metabolism, MCT and a KD could be introduced as an alternative source of energy in the brain of AD patients. [15] Animal studies suggested MCTKD have a positive effect in decreasing brain cerebral excitability in young depression animal and it has significantly better spatial learning and memory performance in AD mice. [87,88] In addition, the benefit of MCTKD is allowing more carbohydrates (CHO) than CKD, thereby improving palatability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] MCTKD has the potential to marginally delay the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and their animal models. [15,16] Moreover, KD may work by targeting hyperactivation of the inflammatory immune response. The potential inflammatory pathway targets of KD include PPAR-𝛾, NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-𝜅B, and gut microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High MCT‐Based Ketogenic Diet Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Responses to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Inhibiting GSDMD and JAK2‐STAT3/4 Pathways

Zhang,

Sun,

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeInflammation and pyroptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet (KD) in EAE.Methods and resultsThe administration of KD reduces demyelination and microglial activation in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Meanwhile, KD decreases the levels of Th1 and Th17 associated cytokines/transcription factors production (T‐bet, IFN‐γ, RORγt, and IL‐17) and increases those of Th2 and Treg cytokines/transcription factors (GATA3, IL‐4, Foxp3, and IL‐10) in the spinal cord and spleen. Corresponding, KD reduces the expression of chemokines in EAE, which those chemokines associate with T‐cell infiltration into central nervous system (CNS). In addition, KD inhibits the GSDMD activation in microglia, oligodendrocyte, CD31+ cells, CCR2+ cells, and T cells in the spinal cord. Moreover, KD significantly decreases the ratios of p‐JAK2/JAK2, p‐STAT3/STAT3, and p‐STAT4/STAT4, as well as GSDMD in EAE mice.Conclusionsthis study demonstrates that KD reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells in the spinal cord and spleen and prevents T cell infiltration into CNS of EAE via modulating the GSDMD and STAT3/4 pathways, suggesting that KD is a potentially effective strategy in the treatment of MS.

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“…To illustrate the viscoelastic features of three types of vegetable oils mainly used without thermal processing, they have been established together with their enrichment with a carotenoid extract. These oils are used in the food industry primarily in the production of healthy milk, salads, and yogurts, and they are also an essential element of the ketogenic diet [40,41]. Before the measurements, an equal concentration of carotenoids in each oil sample (40 µg/mL) was assured.…”

Section: Rheological Measurements Of the Enriched Oil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Recovery from Tomato Processing By-Products through Green Chemistry

et al. 2022

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The recovery of bioactive compounds from agro-industry-derived by-products sustains circular economy principles by encouraging maximized recycling and minimized waste. Tomato processing by-products are abundant in carotenoids, which have several health-promoting properties, and their reintegration into functional food products represents a major interest for scientists and manufacturers. In the present study, carotenoids were recovered from tomato processing by-products based on the principles of green chemistry by using generally recognized as safe (GRAS) solvents, freeze-drying as pretreatment, and ultrasound in the recovery procedure. Spectrophotometric measurements and HPLC were used to identify and quantify total and individual carotenoids from the extracts. The highest values for lycopene (1324.89 µg/g dw) were obtained when ethyl lactate was applied as a solvent, followed by ethyl acetate with slightly smaller differences (1313.54 µg/g dw). The extracts obtained from freeze-dried samples presented significantly lower amounts of lycopene, indicating that carotenoids are highly susceptible to degradation during lyophilization. Flaxseed, grape seed, and hempseed oils were enriched with carotenoids and their rheological measurements showed favorable viscoelastic properties, especially hempseed and flaxseed oil, with viscosity under 50 mPa·s. Considering the results and the economic perspective of carotenoid recovery from tomato processing by-products, ethyl acetate is suitable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly for carotenoid extraction.

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Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Use of MCT Oil and a Ketogenic Diet

Cited by 27 publications

References 92 publications

A bibliometric analysis of the global trends and hotspots for the ketogenic diet based on CiteSpace

A bibliometric analysis of the global trends and hotspots for the ketogenic diet based on CiteSpace

A High MCT‐Based Ketogenic Diet Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Responses to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Inhibiting GSDMD and JAK2‐STAT3/4 Pathways

Carotenoid Recovery from Tomato Processing By-Products through Green Chemistry

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