Alzheimer's Disease Costs: What We Know and What We Should Take into Account

Colucci, Luisa; Bosco, Massimiliano; Fasanaro, Angiola Maria; Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio; Ricci, Giovanna; Amenta, Francesco

doi:10.3233/jad-131556

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From a public policy perspective, accurately assessing the socioeconomic costs of ADRD is critical to prioritizing effective, evidence-based policies, and intervention and implementation strategies, particularly given the potential arrival of high-cost interventions, such as disease-modifying therapies, whose cost-effectiveness may be difficult to ascertain by conventional methods. Several reports have recently discussed the challenges and limitations in assessing the full costs of ADRD, with varying degrees of scope and comprehensiveness [5,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing the Global Socioeconomic Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias and Strategic Implications for Stakeholders

El-Hayek¹,

Wiley

Khoury³

et al. 2019

JAD

172

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While it is generally understood that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) is one of the costliest diseases to society, there is widespread concern that researchers and policymakers are not comprehensively capturing and describing the full scope and magnitude of the socioeconomic burden of ADRD. This review aimed to 1) catalogue the different types of AD-related socioeconomic costs described in the literature; 2) assess the challenges and gaps of existing approaches to measuring these costs; and 3) analyze and discuss the implications for stakeholders including policymakers, healthcare systems, associations, advocacy groups, clinicians, and researchers looking to improve the ability to generate reliable data that can guide evidence-based decision making. A centrally emergent theme from this review is that it is challenging to gauge the true value of policies, programs, or interventions in the ADRD arena given the long-term, progressive nature of the disease, its insidious socioeconomic impact beyond the patient and the formal healthcare system, and the complexities and current deficiencies (in measures and real-world data) in accurately calculating the full costs to society. There is therefore an urgent need for all stakeholders to establish a common understanding of the challenges in evaluating the full cost of ADRD and define approaches that allow us to measure these costs more accurately, with a view to prioritizing evidence-based solutions to mitigate this looming public health crisis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing the Global Socioeconomic Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias and Strategic Implications for Stakeholders

El-Hayek¹,

Wiley

Khoury³

et al. 2019

JAD

172

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…NDs can cause by various reasons, including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis [3]. Along with the raise of extended life-expectancy and rapidly increasing prevalence in aging society, AD, the most common forms of NDs, is becoming a major economic, social, and healthcare burden throughout the world, and has been identified as a public health priority by the World Health Organization [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemisinin protects PC12 cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis through activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Zeng

Zheng

2017

Redox Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accumulating evidence displays that an abnormal deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) is the primary cause of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). And therefore the elimination of Aβ is regarded as an important strategy for AD treatment. The discovery of drug candidates using culture neuronal cells against Aβ peptide toxicity is believed to be an effective approach to develop drug for the treatment of AD patients. We have previously showed that artemisinin, a FDA-approved anti-malaria drug, has neuroprotective effects recently. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanism of artemisinin in protecting neuronal PC12 cells from toxicity of β amyloid peptide. Our studies revealed that artemisinin, in clinical relevant concentration, protected and rescued PC12 cells from Aβ25–35-induced cell death. Further study showed that artemisinin significantly ameliorated cell death due to Aβ25–35 insult by restoring abnormal changes in nuclear morphology, lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of apoptotic caspase. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that artemisinin activated extracellular regulated kinase ERK1/2 but not Akt survival signaling. Consistent with the role of ERK1/2, preincubation of cells with ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 blocked the effect of artemisinin while PI3K inhibitor LY294002 has no effect. Moreover, Aβ1-42 also caused cells death of PC12 cells while artemisinin suppressed Aβ1-42 cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Taken together, these results, at the first time, suggest that artemisinin is a potential protectant against β amyloid insult through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Our finding provides a potential application of artemisinin in prevention and treatment of AD.

show abstract

“…The estimated worldwide cost of dementia was US$604 billion in 2010, of which the most dominant component is informal and social care. This places dementia as the third most costly disease, just after cancer and cardiovascular disorders [4]. In Australia, an estimated 322,000 people had dementia in 2013 and this figure is projected to rise to almost 900,000 by 2050 [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a dementia-specific health state classification system for a new preference-based instrument AD-5D

Nguyen

Mulhern

Kularatna

et al. 2017

Health Qual Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundWith an ageing population, the number of people with dementia is rising. The economic impact on the health care system is considerable and new treatment methods and approaches to dementia care must be cost effective. Economic evaluation requires valid patient reported outcome measures, and this study aims to develop a dementia-specific health state classification system based on the Quality of Life for Alzheimer’s disease (QOL-AD) instrument (nursing home version). This classification system will subsequently be valued to generate a preference-based measure for use in the economic evaluation of interventions for people with dementia.MethodsWe assessed the dimensionality of the QOL-AD to develop a new classification system. This was done using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and further assessment of the structure of the measure to ensure coverage of the key areas of quality of life. Secondly, we used Rasch analysis to test the psychometric performance of the items, and select item(s) to describe each dimension. This was done on 13 items of the QOL-AD (excluding two general health items) using a sample of 284 residents living in long-term care facilities in Australia who had a diagnosis of dementia.ResultsA five dimension classification system is proposed resulting from the three factor structure (defined as ‘interpersonal environment’, ‘physical health’ and ‘self-functioning’) derived from the factor analysis and two factors (‘memory’ and ‘mood’) from the accompanying review. For the first three dimensions, Rasch analysis selected three questions of the QOL-AD (‘living situation’, ‘physical health’, and ‘do fun things’) with memory and mood questions representing their own dimensions. The resulting classification system (AD-5D) includes many of the health-related quality of life dimensions considered important to people with dementia, including mood, global function and skill in daily living.ConclusionsThe development of the AD-5D classification system is an important step in the future application of the widely used QOL-AD in economic evaluations. Future valuation studies will enable this tool to be used to calculate quality adjusted life years to evaluate treatments and interventions for people diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia.

show abstract

Alzheimer's Disease Costs: What We Know and What We Should Take into Account

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing the Global Socioeconomic Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias and Strategic Implications for Stakeholders

Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing the Global Socioeconomic Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias and Strategic Implications for Stakeholders

Artemisinin protects PC12 cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis through activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Developing a dementia-specific health state classification system for a new preference-based instrument AD-5D

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About