Alzheimer’s disease disrupts domain-specific and domain-general processes in numerosity estimation

Roquet, Angélique; Michel, Bernard; Lemaire, Patrick

doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1798882

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Studies of patients also suggest that both domain-general and domain-specific abilities are important to performance in basic numerical tasks. Roquet et al (2020) compared numerosity estimation on a dot array comparison task in 50 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 48 healthy older adults. The patients with Alzheimer’s disease performed significantly worse than the healthy controls on the task, especially for small-ratio comparisons.…”

Section: Domain-general Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The componential nature of arithmetical cognition: some important questions

Dowker

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Research on typically developing children and adults and people with developmental and acquired dyscalculia converges in indicating that arithmetical ability is not unitary but is made up of many different components. Categories of components include non-symbolic quantity representation and processing; symbolic quantity representation and processing; counting procedures and principles; arithmetic operations; arithmetical knowledge and understanding; multiple forms and applications of conceptual knowledge of arithmetic; and domain-general abilities such as attention, executive functions and working memory. There is much evidence that different components can and often do show considerable functional independence, not only in developmental and acquired dyscalculia, but in typically achieving children and adults. At the same time, it is possible to find complex interactions and bidirectional relationships between the different components, including between domain-specific and apparently domain-general abilities. There is a great deal that still needs to be discovered. In particular, we need to learn more about the origins in infancy of subitizing and approximate magnitude comparison, the extent to which these interact, the extent to which they may be further divisible, and the extent and ways in which they themselves may develop with age and the extent to which they may influence later-developing components. There also needs to be a lot more research on exactly how domain-general and domain-specific abilities contribute to mathematical development, and how they interact with one another.

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Section: Domain-general Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The componential nature of arithmetical cognition: some important questions

Dowker

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors use and the risk of alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abouelmagd,

Abdelmeseh,

Elrosasy

et al. 2024

Neurol Sci

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Background The management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses considerable challenges, necessitating the pursuit of innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has spotlighted the promising role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) in reducing the prevalence of AD, utilizing their vasodilatory properties to suggest a potential neuroprotective effect. This meta-analysis and systematic review aims to assess the relationship between the use of PDE5Is and the risk of AD. Methods A detailed examination was carried out across several electronic databases till March 2024, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Embase. The focus was on identifying studies that compare the occurrence of AD among PDE5I users vs non-users. Through a random-effects model, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, in alignment with guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the PRISMA standards. Results This analysis included six studies, cumulating a participant count of 8,337,313, involving individuals treated with sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, against a control group undergoing other or no treatments. The cumulative HR for AD risk among PDE5I users versus the control group was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.32–0.86, p = 0.008), signaling a markedly reduced likelihood of AD development in the PDE5I group. Particularly, sildenafil usage showed a significant risk reduction (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.31–0.70, p < 0.001), while findings for tadalafil and vardenafil were not significant. Test of subgroup differences found no difference between male and female participants in the risk of AD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the use of PDE5Is is associated with a reduced risk of AD, highlighting its potential as a protective agent against neurodegenerative diseases. Given the very low quality of evidence and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further high-quality research is warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Register number PROSPERO 2024: CRD42024522197.

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