Alzheimer’s Disease, Sleep Disordered Breathing, and Microglia: Puzzling out a Common Link

Ulland, Tyler K.; Ewald, Andrea; Knutson, Andrew O; Marino, Kaitlyn M; Smith, Sally J.; Watters, Jyoti J.

doi:10.3390/cells10112907

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(274 reference statements)

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“…As the brain has a vast vascular content, especially in grey matter, the brain tissue elasticity is also affected by the VLF vasomotor wave disturbances [35]. AD is also associated with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) [36,37] with a prevalence of over 50% [38]. People with SDB experience cognitive impairments such as attention deficits and memory loss [39], which correlate with neuroanatomical changes and grey matter loss [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral entropy provides separation between Alzheimer’s disease patients and controls: a study of fNIRS

Ferdinando

Moradi

Korhonen

et al. 2022

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is commonly used as a non-invasive tool to measure cerebral neurovascular dynamics. Its potential for diagnostics of various brain disorders has been already demonstrated in many recent studies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). fNIRS studies are usually based on comparing hemoglobin measurements at baseline and during a specific task. At present, many proposed methods using fNIRS to diagnose AD involve certain tasks, which may be challenging for the elderly and patients with cognitive decline. Here, we propose a method to characterize AD patients and control in resting state, by applying spectral entropy (SE) analysis on oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, HbO and HbR, respectively, and total hemoglobin (HbT) based on fNIRS signals measured from the left and right sides of the forehead. We applied SE to very low frequency (VLF) (0.008–0.1 Hz), respiratory (0.1–0.6 Hz), and cardiac (0.6–5 Hz) bands to find out which band delivered the optimum result. Next, a t test with 0.05 significant level was performed to compare SE values of AD patients and controls. Results from the VLF band looked promising as SE values from AD patients were always significantly higher than those from controls. In addition, this phenomenon was consistent for both sides of the forehead. However, significant differences in SE values in the respiratory band were found from the left hemisphere only, and in the cardiac band from the right hemisphere only. SE value from the VLF band supports a strong argument that it provides good predictability related to the development of AD. We demonstrated that SE of brain fNIRS signal can be an useful biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral entropy provides separation between Alzheimer’s disease patients and controls: a study of fNIRS

Ferdinando

Moradi

Korhonen

et al. 2022

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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“…A recent review highlighted that nervous system inflammation and microglia activation through an inflammasome-dependent mechanism may link AD and OSA, possibly leading to a mutual and synergistic aggravation of the two diseases [3]. OSA-inherent hypoxia promotes the persistence of low-grade chronic inflammation, as evidenced by activated serum biomarkers of inflammation such as CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, and adhesion molecules, among many others [89,90].…”

Section: Bidirectional Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not well understood, but there are many environmental and genetic risk factors associated with its development. Other risk factors include a history of head trauma, aging, lifestyle activities, clinical depression, high blood pressure, and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) [2,3]. This disease process causes damage to the neocortex and hippocampus, leading to mental dementia.…”

Section: Introduction: Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease—Consequence or Underlying Cause? Applying Animal Models to the Study of Respiratory Malfunctions

Wrzesień,

Andrzejewski,

Jampolska

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disease that is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. In addition to dementia, which is the loss of cognitive function, including thinking, remembering, and reasoning, and behavioral abilities, AD patients also experience respiratory disturbances. The most common respiratory problems observed in AD patients are pneumonia, shortness of breath, respiratory muscle weakness, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The latter is considered an outcome of Alzheimer’s disease and is suggested to be a causative factor. While this narrative review addresses the bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer’s disease and reports on existing studies describing the most common respiratory disorders found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, its main purpose is to review all currently available studies using animal models of Alzheimer’s disease to study respiratory impairments. These studies on animal models of AD are few in number but are crucial for establishing mechanisms, causation, implementing potential therapies for respiratory disorders, and ultimately applying these findings to clinical practice. This review summarizes what is already known in the context of research on respiratory disorders in animal models, while pointing out directions for future research.

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“…The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is increasing due to human life expectancy and aging [ 2 ]. Individuals with AD experience symptoms such as memory and cognitive impairments, sleep disturbances, and activation of microglia, a type of brain cell [ 3 ]. The onset of sporadic AD, the most common form, is believed to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Translational Regulation by Network Interaction in Synaptic Plasticity Induced with Centella asiatica

Ibrahim,

Nadian,

Noor

et al. 2023

The Scientific World Journal

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Background. Recently, human life expectancy, aging, and age-related health disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have increased. The increasing number of AD patients causes a heavy social and economic burden on society. Since there is no treatment for AD, utilization of natural products is currently accepted as an alternative or integrative treatment agent against AD. Methods. Selection of protein databases related to synaptic plasticity was obtained from a gene bank. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Prediction of Centella asiatica target constituents and their relationship with target synaptic plasticity was performed using STITCH, followed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and molecular binding of ligands to presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors afterwards. Results. From the protein database, 446 protein coding genes related to synaptic plasticity were found. PPI and KEGG pathway analysis showed potentiality to inhibit AKT and mTORC1 pathways. The targeted proteins were TSC1, Rheb, and FMRP. Conclusion. This study showed potentiality of Centella asiatica in AD through its binding to several proteins such as TSC1, Rheb, and FMRP. This compound in Centella asiatica was able to bind to the AKT1 and mTOR signaling pathways. Centella asiatica may behold greater potency in AD therapy.

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Alzheimer’s Disease, Sleep Disordered Breathing, and Microglia: Puzzling out a Common Link

Cited by 14 publications

References 205 publications

Spectral entropy provides separation between Alzheimer’s disease patients and controls: a study of fNIRS

Spectral entropy provides separation between Alzheimer’s disease patients and controls: a study of fNIRS

Respiratory Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease—Consequence or Underlying Cause? Applying Animal Models to the Study of Respiratory Malfunctions

Prediction of Translational Regulation by Network Interaction in Synaptic Plasticity Induced with Centella asiatica

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