Alzheimer's disease: Visual system review

Valenti, Denise A.

doi:10.1016/j.optm.2009.04.101

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Clinical mobility measures were recorded for all participants using de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) and timed 10 m walk test (10MWT). DEMMI has been validated for older patients in acute medical wards (de Morton, Davidson, & Keating, 2008, 2010 and older adults living in the community (Davenport & de Morton, 2011). The index consists of 15 tasks of increasing difficulty, ranging from the easiest of bridging in bed to the most difficult task where a person is asked to stand with eyes closed and arms crossed on the chest, with feet placed heel to toes (tandem standing).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sit-to-stand strategies used by older adults and people living with dementia

Dolecka

Ownsworth

Kuys

2015

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sit-to-stand strategies used by older adults and people living with dementia

Dolecka

Ownsworth

Kuys

2015

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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“…contrast sensitivity or achromatopsia), reduced stereopsis, deficits in perceiving shape from motion, impaired object recognition and face perception, and delayed pace of visual processing (i.e. abnormal flash visual evoked potential with delayed latency of the P2 component) [23,60,61,[69][70][71][72][73] . These deficits are modest in magnitude but may have a significant impact on daily visual activity and cognitive performance.…”

Section: Visual Dysfunction and Retinal Abnormalities Documented In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease in the Retina: Imaging Retinal Aβ Plaques for Early Diagnosis and Therapy Assessment

et al. 2012

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Background: Definite Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis at early stages is vital for targeting intervention, yet currently unavailable. Noninvasive detection of the pathological hallmark, amyloid-β protein (Aβ) plaques, is limited in the brain. However, the existence of Aβ plaques in the retina, possibly at presymptomatic stages, may improve early detection of AD. Objective: To summarize clinical and preclinical evidence showing that the retina, an accessible part of the central nervous system, displays abnormalities in AD, especially Aβ plaque pathology. The ability to monitor in vivo retinal plaque dynamics in response to immunotherapy is also assessed. Methods: Literature analysis of retinal AD pathology and imaging is provided. In our studies, systemic curcumin is administered to enable monitoring of retinal Aβ plaques in live APP_SWE/PS1_Δ_E9 transgenic mice by optical imaging. Results: Visual and retinal abnormalities, including early manifestation of retinal Aβ plaque pathology, have been documented in AD patients and animal models. In mouse models, retinal Aβ plaques accumulate with age and decrease in response to immunotherapy, consistent with brain pathology. Here, we demonstrate that retinal plaques can be individually monitored in real time following glatiramer acetate immunization. Conclusion: Translation of noninvasive retinal-plaque imaging to humans could eventually facilitate early and accurate AD diagnosis and therapy assessment.

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“…AD can affect eye, visual pathways, and visual cortex and lead to various visual signs and symptoms even at early stages. Among various visual disturbances reported by studies are a decrease in contrast sensitivity and the ability to perceive motion, abnormal mydriatic response of pupils, reduced visual acuity, visual field defects, impaired color discrimination, changes in smooth and saccadic eye movements, alterations in visual evoked potentials, fixation defects, and disorders of complex visual functions such as reading and visuospatial functions [6,7]. In AD, one of the most significant pathological changes related to visual system is the decrease of the optic nerve fiber density [6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness

et al. 2015

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The goal of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness which is measured by the optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty-five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 35 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 35 healthy volunteers, between the ages of 60-87, who were examined in the neurology outpatient clinic among 2012-2013 were prospectively involved in our study. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) test, montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), and also neuropsychological test batteries were used for the neurocognitive evaluation. RNFL thickness was measured by the OCT technique and the differences among groups were studied. The relationship between RNFL thickness and MMSE scores with demographic characteristics was investigated. RNFL thickness was significantly lower in AD and MCI groups compared with the control group (p < 0.01). No significant differences of RNFL were found between the MCI and the AD groups (p > 0.05). Significant correlation was found between MMSE scores and the RNFL values (p < 0.05). Significant thinning in RNFL along with age was detected (p < 0.05). In our study, it is thought that retinal nerve fiber degeneration and central nervous system degeneration may be concurrent according to the thinning of RNFL measured by OCT in AD and MCI groups. RNFL measurement may also be useful for early diagnosis and evaluation of the disease progression. Further studies are needed to optimize the utility of this method as an ocular biomarker in AD.

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Alzheimer's disease: Visual system review

Cited by 49 publications

References 97 publications

Comparison of sit-to-stand strategies used by older adults and people living with dementia

Comparison of sit-to-stand strategies used by older adults and people living with dementia

Alzheimer’s Disease in the Retina: Imaging Retinal Aβ Plaques for Early Diagnosis and Therapy Assessment

The relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness

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