Am I that Body? Seccion Femenina de la FET and the Struggle for the Institution of Physical Education and Competitive Sports for Women in Franco's Spain

Ofer, Inbal

doi:10.1353/jsh.2006.0051

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The regime may have proved less interested in explicitly using sport for overt political gain than its Nazi Germany and fascist Italy counterparts; yet, Franco nevertheless recognized the power of competitions as a domestic recruiting tool. He therefore embraced physical activity for men as a way to create a positive image of the state but he simultaneously opposed “any attempt to extend more modernist notions of the human body to women” (Ofer, 2006 ).…”

Section: Women’s Sport In Franco Spain 1936–1975mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The End of Compulsory Gender Verification: Is It Progress for Inclusion of Women in Sports?

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, the so-called Semenya case has brought the problem of gender in sports competitions back into the spotlight. But the fact is that it is not a unique case; rather, it seems a recurrent and inconclusive problem in the history of sports. In this context, the Spanish athlete Martínez-Patiño is an important figure in the history of sport and gender verification, as well as the Indian sprinter Dutee Chand. Martínez-Patiño’s story thus serves as an important case study of the gender-based anxieties that hampered women’s advancement in track and field. Martínez-Patiño’s experience in Spanish athletics demonstrates the difficulties women faced when attempting to compete in track and field, both in Spain and internationally. Moreover, her experience with gender policies shows the inadequacies of the chromosomal check as a sex marker, as well as the harms caused by the technique. Finally, Martínez-Patiño’s protest of the International Association of Athletics Federations’ policy started to dismantle compulsory sex verification used as a criterion for gender eligibility. The publicity surrounding her case pushed the track and field federation to abandon mandatory, on-site testing in 1992. Seven years later, the International Olympic Committee also dropped its compulsory control. Martínez-Patiño became the face of the fight against sex/gender verification in sport and helped dismantle the practice. The case of Martinez-Patiño remains in the collective memory of elite sports and serves as an argument for national and international sporting institutions to reconsider discriminating policies in the context of progress being made for women’s rights.

show abstract

Section: Women’s Sport In Franco Spain 1936–1975mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Falange discouraged women's engagement in non-feminine activities, such as boxing, cycling, and track and field (Puig & Soler, 2003). Indeed, writes Ofer (2006Ofer ( ), between 1940Ofer ( and 1963 the Franco dictatorship even deemed female track and field illegal because "in the eyes of many [it] created «mannish women». "…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The End of Compulsory Gender Verification: Is It Progress for Inclusion of Women in Sports?

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Along the same lines, Inbal Ofer (2006) argues that one of the objectives of the "Sección Femenina" ("Women's Section") was to limit women to the roles of wives and mothers and to separate the genders in such a way that: "The very core of their existence rested on the adherence to a strict gender division, which glorified virility and man's active and public contribution to the nation. While men worked to produce a 'new nation,' women were called upon to reproduce its future sons" (Ofer, 2006: p. 991) Galicia, in the northwest region of Spain, situated north of Portugal, was not immune to this construction of gender roles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representations of masculinity in two stories by Carlos Casares

Carballal

2021

JFGWS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study of masculinity and its representation is especially fascinating in Spanish and Galician literature of the mid-20th century. In the two stories to be analyzed in this essay, “O xogo da Guerra” (“The War Game”) and “Agarda longa ao sol” (“Long Wait under the Sun”) — both written by Carlos Casares (Ourense 1941-Nigrán, Pontevedra 2002)—the versions of masculinity displayed by male characters can be considered as denunciations of the model that Franco wished to impose: made in his image, disciplined, cold, and violent. Manhood in Casares is characterized by an ability to accept nonconformity and to assume a reality that conflicts with masculine epistemology as it is known. The new man is ready to absorb a new reality and free a society consumed by hatred, pushing it towards democracy and understanding. Galicia and its people are the main protagonists of these transformations.

show abstract

¿“Hormiguitas graciosas y amables”?: Falange, feminidad y cuerpo en los relatos de la revista Y (1940–45)

Estevan

2020

Hispanic Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Am I that Body? Seccion Femenina de la FET and the Struggle for the Institution of Physical Education and Competitive Sports for Women in Franco's Spain

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

The End of Compulsory Gender Verification: Is It Progress for Inclusion of Women in Sports?

The End of Compulsory Gender Verification: Is It Progress for Inclusion of Women in Sports?

Representations of masculinity in two stories by Carlos Casares

¿“Hormiguitas graciosas y amables”?: Falange, feminidad y cuerpo en los relatos de la revista Y (1940–45)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About