Amalgamation of 3D printing and surface modification: A new approach for biomedical applications

Abstract

The ever-increasing demand for specialized products and large stipulation of personalized healthcare result in accelerated development of modified three-dimensional (3D)-printed surfaces for medical devices and implants. The amalgamation of surface modification techniques with 3D printing is believed to be a time-saving and cost-efficient method capable of satisfying multiple demands. This convergence positions surface-modified 3D printing as an exemplary methodology in the realm of biomedicine. This review article aims to elucidate various surface functionalization strategies available for biomedical applications, such as deposition processing, etching treatment, self-assembly polymerization, and surface grafting, and delves into the distinctive advantages conferred by these strategies, such as superwetting, enhanced biocompatibility, antibacterial action, and anticorrosive properties. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of the practical implementation of these strategies in real-world scenarios; in addition to outlining the positive aspects, this review offers insights into the prospective development and potential challenges associated with the practical application of these techniques in the real world.